一般来说,可以用数目计算的名词称为可数名词,如指个体或集体的名词。无法用数目计算的名词称为不可数名词,如指物质的名词和表示动作、品质、情感等抽象意义的名词。但在实际运用中,不可数名词也可用作可数名词,主要有以下几种情况。
一、fish, fruit等集合名词用于指类别时。
①There are many fish in the lake. 湖中有许多鱼。
②There are many fishes in the lake.湖中有许多种鱼。
二、tea, coffee, beer, water, homework, hair, smoke, rain, wind等物质名词个体化后,用于指份数,次数等时。
①I like coffee.我喜欢喝咖啡。
Two coffees, please.请来两杯咖啡。
②You have one homework, I‘ll have one hundred.你们做一次作业,我就要改一百份。
③What a heavy rain.好大的一场雨啊!
三、water, sky, sea, paper等作不可数名数时为一种意义,作可数名词时则另有它义。
①Water is changed into stream by heat. 水受热后可以变成水蒸气。
the Huangguoshu Waters黄果树瀑布
in Korean Waters在韩国附近的海域
②Paper is mainly made from wood and bamboo.纸主要是用木头和竹子造成的。
③If you have finished your papers, hand it in please.试卷做完后请交上。
四、friendship,pleasure, beauty等闻由抽象意义变为具体名词时。
①It is a pleasure to talk with you.和你谈话真是件令人高兴的事。
②Xishi is this kind of beauty who can make the best use of her beauty.西施是那种能充分利
用自己美貌的美女。
五、要表示news, information furniture等词的复数意义,其前要用a piece of等单位词。
①two pieces of news两条新闻
②five pieces of furniture 五件家具