01/

表状态（condition of）的简单名词性后缀

1.-ia

dementia n.痴呆

dysphoria n.烦躁不安

2.-ism

racism n.种族主义

hypersplenism n.脾功能亢进

3.-sis

thrombosis n.血栓形成

fibrosis n.纤维化

4.-y

atony n.弛缓，无力

polydactyly n.多指（趾）畸形

02/

表医学专业或职业（specialty）的名词性后缀

1.-ian/-ist

specialist in a field of study 某领域专家

physician n.内科医师

podiatrist n.足科医师

2.-iatrics/-iatry/-ics

medical specialty 某医学专科

pediatrics n.儿科学

psychiatry n.精神病学

orthopedics n.矫形外科

3.-ology

study of 某学科

biology n.生物学

physiology n.生理学

03/

表临床操作或其方法、工具的名词性后缀

1.-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid 穿刺取液

thoracocentesis n.胸腔穿刺

amniocentesis n.羊膜腔穿刺

2.-ectomy

excision, removal 切除术

mastectomy n.乳房切除术

laryngectomy n.喉切除术

hysterectomy n.子宫切除术

3.-gram

record 记录（以图、片等形式）

electroencephalogram n.脑电图

mammogram n.乳房X光片

echocardiogram n.超声心动图

4.-graph

instrument for recording 记录仪

electrocardiograph n.心电图记录仪

electroencephalograph n.脑电图记录仪

5.-graphy

processing of recording 记录方法

electrocardiography n.心电描记法

angiography n.血管造影术

6.-meter

instrument to measure 测量仪

tympanometer n.鼓室计

sphygmomanometer n.血压计

7.-metry

process of measure 测量过程/方法

spirometry n.呼吸量测定法

urinometry n.尿比重测定法

8.-opsy

to view 检查

biopsy n.活组织检查

necropsy = autopsy n.尸检

9.-plasty

surgical repair 修复术，成形术

angioplasty n.血管成形术

rhinoplasty n.鼻成形术

rhytidoplasty n.皱纹成形术，除皱术

10.-scope

instrument for visual examination 检查用仪器

laparoscope n.腹腔镜

microscope n.显微镜

11.-scopy

process of visual examination 检查过程/方法

laparosopy n.腹腔镜检查

bronchoscopy n.支气管镜检查

12.-stomy

opening to form a mouth 造口术，造瘘术

colostomy n.结肠造口术

gastrostomy n.胃造口术

tracheostomy n.气管造瘘术

13.-therapy

treatment 疗法

hydrotherapy n.水疗

chemotherapy n.化疗

radiotherapy n.放疗

14.-tome

instrument for incision 刀，切割用的工具

microtome n.显微镜用薄片切片机

osteotome n.骨刀，骨凿

15.-tomy

incision, cutting into 切开术

laparotomy n.剖腹术

phlebotomy n.静脉切开术，静脉取血术

orchidotomy n.睾丸切开术

16.-lithotomy

incision for removal of a stone 切开取石术

choledocholithotomy n.胆总管切开取石术

04/

表人体表结构或组织（structure, tissue）的名词性后缀

-um/-ium/-us/-is/-il/-a/-x

例如：

pericardium n.心包

esophagus n.食管

mucus n.粘液

tonsil n.扁桃体

vertebra n.椎骨

larynx n.喉

05/

其他临床常见名词性后缀

1.-algia

pain 疼痛

arthralgia n.关节痛

neuralgia n.神经痛

cephalalgia n.头痛

2.-amnios

amnion, inner fetal sac 羊膜

oligohydramnios n.羊水过少

polyhydramnios n.羊水过多

3.-cardia

heart 心

tachycardia n.心动过速

dextrocardia n.右位心

4.-cele

hernia, protrusion 疝，突出

rectocele n.直肠脱出，脱肛

hydrocele n.阴囊鞘膜积液

cystocele n.膀胱脱出（突入阴道）

5.-chalasia

relaxation 舒张，松弛

achalasia n.食管失弛缓症

cardiochalasia n.贲门松弛

6.-chezia

condition of stools 排便状态

hematochezia n.血便

dyschezia n.排便困难

7.-cyesis

pregnancy, gestation 妊娠

pseudocyesis n.假孕

acyesis n.不孕

8.-cyte

cell 细胞

erythrocyte n.红细胞

thrombocyte n.血小板

9.-dipsia

condition of thirst 口渴

polydipsia n.烦渴，多饮

oligodipsia n.少饮

hydroadipsia n.不渴症

10.-dynia

pain 疼痛

pleurodynia n.肋肌痛

pharyngodynia n.咽痛

11.-ectasis/-ectasia

dilation 扩张

bronchiectasis n.支气管扩张

telangiectasia n.毛细血管扩张

12.-emesis

vomiting 呕吐

hematemesis n.呕血

hyperemesis n.剧吐

13.-emia

blood condition 血液状态

anemia n.贫血

ischemia n.局部缺血

14.-genesis

condition of producing, forming 产生，形成

carcinogenesis n.致癌作用

angiogenesis n.血管形成

15.-gravida

pregnancy, gestation 妊娠

nulligravida n.未孕妇

primigravida n.初孕妇

multigravida n.多孕妇（次数>1）

16.-iasis

condition 状态

cholelithiasis n.胆石症

schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病

17.-itis

inflammation 炎症

bronchitis n.支气管炎

myelitis n.脊髓炎

osteomyelitis n.骨髓炎

18.-lepsy

seizure （疾病）突然发作，癫痫

narcolepsy n.发作性睡病

catalepsy n.全身僵硬症

19.-lysis

breakdown, destruction, separation 破坏，分解，分离

hemolysis n.溶血

glycogenolysis n.糖原分解

onycholysis n.甲床剥离症

20.-malacia

softening 软化

osteomalacia n.骨软化

chondromalacia n.软骨软化

21.-mania

condition of madness 狂，癖

trichotillomania n.拔毛发癖

ablutomania n.清洗癖

22.-megaly

enlargement 增大

acromegaly n.肢端肥大

splenomegaly n.脾肿大

cardiomegaly n.心脏增大

23.-ole/-ule

little, small 小的

arteriole n.微动脉

venule n.微静脉

24.-oma

tumor, mass, collection of fluid 肿瘤，包块，积液

myoma n.肌瘤

hematoma n.血肿

25.-opia/-opsia

vision condition 视觉状态

hyperopia n.远视

senopia n.老年视力回春（老年时视力改善，为进展中白内障的征兆）

26.-orexia

appetite condition 食欲状态

anorexia nervosa n.神经性厌食

cynorexia n.贪食症

27.-osis

abnormal condition 异常状态

hydronephrosis n.肾积水

leukocytosis n.白细胞增多

keratosis n.皮肤角化病

28.-para

delivery, parturition 分娩

primipara n.初产妇

multipara n.经产妇

ovovivipara n.卵胎生动物

29.-pathy

disease condition 疾病状态

cardiomyopathy n.心肌病

nephropathy n.肾病

30.-penia

defiency 减少，缺乏

erythropenia n.红细胞减少

thrombocytopenia n.血小板减少

31.-pepsia

digestion condition 消化状态

dyspepsia n.消化不良

oligopepsia n.消化力不足

32.-pexy

fixation, suspension 固定

nephropexy n.肾固定术

gastropexy n.胃固定术

33.-phagia

condition of swallowing, eating 吞食状态

dysphagia n.吞咽困难

polyphagia n.多食

34.-phil

attraction 吸引，亲嗜

basophil n.嗜碱性细胞

acidophil n.嗜酸性细胞

35.-phobia

fear 恐惧

acrophobia n.恐高症

agoraphobia n.旷野恐惧症

36.-phylaxis

protection 保护

prophylaxis n.预防

37.-plakia

condition of patches 斑块

leukoplakia n.黏膜白斑

malacoplakia n.软化斑

38.-plasia/-plasm

development, formation, growth 生长，发育，形成

achondroplasia n.软骨发育不全

neoplasm n.新生物

39.-plegia

paralysis 瘫痪

paraplegia n.截瘫

hemiplegia n.半瘫

quadriplegia n.四肢瘫痪

40.-pnea

breathing 呼吸

apnea n.呼吸停止

tachypnea n.呼吸过快

41.-poiesis

formation, production 形成，产生

erythropoiesis n.红细胞生成

hematopoiesis n.造血

42.-ptosis

drooping, falling, prolapse 下垂，脱垂

blepharoptosis n.上睑下垂

uvulaptosis n.悬雍垂下垂

esophagoptosis n.食管下垂

43.-ptysis

spitting 吐出

hemoptysis n.咯血

albuminoptysis n.白蛋白痰

44.-rrhaphy

suture, repair 缝合，修复

herniorrhaphy n.疝修复术

colporrhaphy n.阴道缝合术

45.-rrhea

flow, discharge 流，排出

rhinorrhea n.鼻液溢

oligomenorrhea n.月经过少

46.-rrhexis

rupture 破裂

angiorrhexis n.血管破裂

enterorrhexis n.肠破裂

47.-sclerosis

hardening 硬化

arteriosclerosis n.动脉硬化

arteriolosclerosis n.细动脉硬化

atherosclerosis n.动脉粥样硬化

48.-stasis

controlling, stopping 控制，使停止

metastasis n.肿瘤转移

hemostasis n.止血

49.-sthenia

condition of strength 力量状态

myasthenia gravis n.重症肌无力

angiosthenia n.血管张力

hyposthenia n.体力不足

50.-thymia

state of mind 情感精神状态

dysthymia n.情感异常，精神抑郁

poikilothymia n.情感多变

51.-trite

instrument to crush 碎物工具

lithotrite n.碎石器

52.-trophy

development, nourishment 发育，营养

hypertrophy n.肥大

atrophy n.萎缩

53.-uria

urinary condition 排尿状态

hematuria n.血尿

oliguria n.少尿

06/

名词性后缀的单复数变形

1.-a 变-ae

例如：vertebra vertebrae n.椎骨

2.-en 变-ina

例如：lumen lumina n.腔

3.-ex/-ix （x前为元音字母）变-ices

例如：matrix matrices n.基质

4.-nx/-yx （x前为辅音字母）变-nges/-yges

例如：phalanx phalanges n.指（趾）骨

5.-is变-es

例如：diagnosis diagnoses n.诊断

6.-ma变-mata

例如：stigma stigmata n.身体的标记或疤痕

7.-on/-um变-a

例如：

ganglion ganglia n.神经节

serum sera n.血清

8.-us变-i

例如：thrombus thrombi n.血栓

07/

形容词性后缀

（表“与…相关的”或”与…相似的”）

1、表“与…相关的”

-ac cardiac a.心的

-al vocal a.声音的

-an median plane n.正中矢状面

-ar nuclear a.核的

-ary salivary a.唾液的

-eal laryngeal a.喉的

-ic anatomic a.解剖的

-ical electrical a.电的

-ile virile a.男性的

-ior anterior a.前面的

-ory circulatory a.循环的

-ous cutaneous a.皮肤的

2、表”与…相似的”

-form muciform a.粘液样的

-oid lymphoid a.淋巴（样）的

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