Figure Skating/ˈfɪɡə(r) ˈskeɪtɪŋ/

花样滑冰

Figure skating has developed from a practical way to get around on ice into the elegant mix of art and sport.

花样滑冰已经从一种实用的在冰上滑行的方式发展成为艺术和体育的优雅结合。

The Dutch were arguably the earliest pioneers of skating. They began using canals to maintain communication by skating from village to village as far back as the 13th century. Skating eventually spread across the channel to England, and soon the first clubs and artificial rinks began to form. Passionate skaters included several kings of England, Marie Antoinette, Napoleon III and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

荷兰人可以说是最早的滑冰先驱。早在13世纪，他们就开始使用运河来维持村庄之间的交流。溜冰运动最终通过英吉利海峡传到了英格兰，很快，第一批俱乐部和人工溜冰场开始形成。热情的溜冰者包括几位英国国王，玛丽·安托瓦内特，拿破仑三世和德国作家约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德。

Two Americans are responsible for the major developments in the history of the sport. In 1850, Edward Bushnell of Philadelphia revolutionised skating when he introduced steel-bladed skates allowing complex manoeuvres and turns. Jackson Haines, a ballet master living in Vienna in the 1860s, added elements of ballet and dance to give the sport its grace.

有两位美国人影响了这项运动的巨大发展。1850年，费城的爱德华·布什内尔（Edward Bushnell）发明了钢刃溜冰鞋，可以完成复杂的动作和转弯，从而彻底改变了滑冰运动。19世纪60年代居住在维也纳的芭蕾舞大师杰克逊海恩斯（Jackson Haines）加入了芭蕾舞和舞蹈的元素，赋予这项运动优雅的气质。

Figure skating is the oldest sport on the Olympic Winter Games programme. It was contested at the 1908 London Games and again in 1920 in Antwerp. Men’s, women’s, and pairs were the three events contested until 1972. Since 1976, ice dancing has been the fourth event in the programme, proving a great success.

花样滑冰是冬奥会项目中最早的比赛项目。曾在1908年伦敦奥运会和1920年安特卫普奥运会上进行过比赛。在1972年之前，男子、女子和双人这个项一直是比赛项目。自1976年以来，冰舞被列为该项的第四个项目，取得了巨大的成功。

Men（男子项目）

Women（女子项目）

Mixed Events（混合项目）