2008年T2
第一段
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submitthe results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliationsfrom the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the commentsreceived, the editor would accept the paper for publication or declineit. Copyrightrested withthe journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribeto the journal.
单词&词组搭配
本段翻译
它曾是如此的直接。在实验室通力合作的一组研究人员将他们的研究成果呈递给一个期刊。之后该期刊的编辑将会隐去论文上作者的名字和所属单位，并送交同行专家评审。该编辑会根据收到的评审意见来决定是否同意发表该论文。论文的版权属于期刊出版商，想要查询该研究成果相关信息的研究者将不得不订阅该期刊。
第二段
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government–funded research byrestrictingaccessto it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issueda report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsomeprofits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
单词&词组
本段翻译
这种情形已经过去了，因特网——以及来自资助机构的压力，这些机构质问：商业出版商为什么通过限制科研成果的获取从政府资助的研究项目中获利——正在使自由获取科研成果成为现实。经济合作与发展组织刚刚发布了一份报告阐述了这一变化的深远影响。这篇由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰和OECD的维克利共同撰写的报告，让那些迄今为止赚钱了数量可观的利润的出版商读起来心情沉重。但其意义不止于此，它还标志着科学探索目前为止一个关键要素发生的一种变化。
第三段
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and readyaccess. It is big business. In America, the corescientific publishing market is estimatedat between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializingin these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
单词&词组
本段翻译
知识的价值以及科研公共投资的回报在某种程度上取决于其广泛的传播和容易获取。这是门大生意。在美国，核心科学出版市场的估值在70-110亿美刀之间。国际科学、技术和医学出版商协会，全球有超过2000家出版公司专门从事这些学科的出版，他们每年在近16000种期刊中刊登超过120万篇文章。
第四段
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirelynew business models are emerging; three main ones were identifiedby the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (orhis employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutionalrepositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available toeveryone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
单词&词组
本段翻译
这一情形如今正在改变。根据OECD的这份报告，目前已经有75%的学术期刊上线。全信的商业模式正在涌现。报告作者明确指出了三种主要的模式。第一种是所谓的“大订单”模式，机构订阅户通过网站许可协议付费获取一大批网络期刊的阅读权限。第二种是开放存取出版，通常依靠作者（或其所属机构）支付论文出版费用。第三种是开放存取知识库，由大学或国际实验室这样的组织资助（建立）机构存储库。现有的其他模式是这三种的混合，如延期开放存取，即，期刊在（论文发表后的）前六个月只允许付费订阅者阅读论文，之后免费提供给所有想阅读的人。所有这一切可能会改变传统的同行评论议程，至少对于论文出版是如此。
文章略读
本文来自经济学人的一篇文章，讲的是科学出版的新模式：在线出版。文章以“引出新事物——概述影响——详述影响”的脉络行为。对于要写论文的各位来说，知网/维普这样的网站的出现就是对传统出版形式的一种颠覆，对9102年的各位来说这个概念应该是审图的，思路清晰。
5道题
26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses .
[A] the background information of journal editing
[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports
[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers
[D] the traditional process of journal publication
27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
[A] It criticizes government-funded research.
[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.
[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.
[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.
28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that .
[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results
[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers
[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge
[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research
29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to .
[A] cover the cost of its publication
[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it
[C] allow other online journals to use it freely
[D] complete the peer-review before submission
30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?
[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.
[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
[D] Publication is rendered easily by online service.
选项词汇