1 It‘s adj. for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事怎么样,
如:
It is dangerous for children to play in the street.
孩子们在街上玩是很危险的。
2 It‘s time for sth.
是干某事的时间了;
It‘s time(for sb.)to do sth.
该干某事了。
如:
①It‘s time for the meeting.
该开会了。
②It‘s time for us to go to school.
我们该上学了。
3 It takes sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花某人一些时间。
sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.
某人花时间(金钱)在某事上/花时间(金钱)干某事。
sth. cost sb. some money .
某事花某人一些钱。
pay some money for sth.
为某事(物)付钱。
如:
①It took me two hours to write the letter.
写这封信花了我两小时的时间。
②He spends half an hour(in)reading English every morning.
他每天早上花半小时读英语。
③He spends one hour on the housework every day.
他每天花一小时做家务。
④ The bike cost me 500 yuan.
这辆自行车花了我500元。
⑤ I spent 500 yuan on the bike.
我买这辆自行车花了500元。
⑥ I paid 500 yuan for the bike.
我花了500元买这辆自行车。
重要提示:
cost主语一般为物;
spend, pay主语一般为人。
例 ① 中it用作形式主语,
动词不定式为真正主语。
4 too 形容词/副词 to do...
太……以致不能……
如:
①I was too excited to say a word.
我激动得一个字也说不出来。
②Tom is too short to reach the apple.
Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
重要提示:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加not,
可以用so... that...结构改写。
例句 ① 可以改写成:
I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.
5 so that...以便/以致……
如:
①They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.
为了能通过考试,他们学习很努力。
②They started early so that they caught the early bus.
他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
重要提示:
在例句①中,是引导目的状语;在例句②中,是引导结果状语。
一般来讲,若从句中含有情态动词,则so that引导的为目的状语。
若无情态动词,则so that引导的为结果状语。
6 祈使句 then/or/and 陈述句
如:
①Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.
努力工作,你就会过上幸福的生活。
②Hurry up,or we will be late for school.
快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。
注意:
以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。
例句②可以改写成:
If we don‘t hurry up, we‘ll be late for school.
7 表达建议的句型,
如:
Why not do...?
为什么不……?
Let‘s do...
让我们做……吧。
Shall we do...?
我们做……好吗?
Would you like/to do...?
你想要(做)……吗?
Will you please do...?
请你做……好吗?
What(How)about doing...?
做……怎么样?
had better do/not do sth.
最好做/不做某事。
如:
①—Why not go and ask our teacher?
——为什么不去问问老师?
—Good idea! Let‘s go.
——好主意!走吧!
②—Shall we go out for a walk?
——我们去散步怎么样?
—No,Let‘s go to the zoo.
——不,我们去动物园吧。
③Will you please fetch some chalks for me?
请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
④—What about singing an English song?
——唱首英文歌曲怎么样?
—Wonderful!
——好极了!
⑤
You had better put on the coat when you go out.
你出去时最好把外套穿上。
8 think、believe,suppose的用法
如:
I don‘t think his answer is right.
我认为他的答案不对。
I can‘t believe she is right.
我相信她是不对的。
You don‘t think they will come tomorrow,do you?
你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?
重要提醒:
think,believe,suppose等接宾语从句,表示否定时要否定主句。
变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。
例句①变为反意疑问句应为:
I can‘t believe she is right,is she?
9 such 名词性词组 that...;
so 形容词/副词 that... 如此……以致……
如:
①She is such a good teacher that we all love her.
她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
②It was such a hot day that they didn‘t go out for a walk as usual.
这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
重要提醒:
(1)“such a(an) 形容词 名词 that...”,
可以改写成“so 形容词 a(an) 名词 that...”,
例句①可以改写成:
She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
(2)在“such 形容词 名词复数或不可数名词 that...”结构中,
形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,
用so不用such,
即:so many/few 可数名词复数 that... ,
so much/little 不可数名词 that...。
如:
①There are so many people in the room that I can‘t get in.
房间里人太多,我进不去。
②The man has so much money that he can buy a car.
那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
10 there be...;
either... or...;
neither... nor...;
not only... but also...
如:
①There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.
他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Not only you but also I want to go travelling.
不但你,我也想去旅游。
③Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.
要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
④Neither you nor he is right.
你和他都不对。
⑤Both Jack and Tim are English.
Jack和Tim都是英国人。
重要提示:
当这几个句型连接主语时,
谓语动词的人称和数要遵循“就近原则”。
对比both... and...来记忆,
both... and...连接主语时视为复数。
11 enough 名词 to do...
有足够的……做某事;
形容词/副词 enough to do...
足够……做某事。
如:
①There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.
有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
②The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
这个男孩儿力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
重要提示:
enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,
句子可以用so... that...句型改写。
例句②可以改写为:
The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
12 enjoy doing sth.
喜欢(爱好)做某事;
like to do/like doing sth.
喜欢做某事。如:
①
Do you enjoy listening to music?
你喜欢听音乐吗?
②
I like to swim in the swimming pool.
我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。
(喜欢到某一具体的地方游泳)
③
I like swimming.
我喜欢游泳。
(只讲喜欢这项运动)