一、航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system）
（一）航空器机构（aircraft structure）
机体（飞机除发动机外的完整结构）airframe
机身（不包括机翼、机尾、发动机）fuselage
驾驶舱cockpit/flight deck
机头nose
风挡windshield/ windscreen
机腹belly～landing
蒙皮skin
前部front (fore) part
后部rear (aft) part
左舷（舵）port～engine
右舷（舵）starboard～engine
内侧发动机inboard engine or inboards
外侧发动机outboard engine or outboards
发动机吊舱nacelle
轮舱wheel well
主轮main landing wheel
前轮nose wheel
(大)机翼(main) wing
机翼前缘leading edge
机翼后缘trailing edge
翼尖wing tip
操纵面control surface
副翼ailerons
缝翼slots/slats
升降舵elevators
方向舵rudder
垂直安定面fin(vertical stabilizer)
水平安定面 horizontal stabilizer
调整片trim tab
襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps)
襟翼设定flap setting
襟翼角flap angle
全襟翼位置full flap position
放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the flaps (retract the flaps)
无襟翼着陆/无襟翼无缝翼着陆flapless landing/landing without slats/flaps
襟翼被卡阻the flaps are jammed
阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）spoilers (inboard/outboard spoiler) (spoiler downup)
减速板（阻流板）speed brakes/air braking
起落架landing gear/undercarriage
起落架锁定/未锁定gear locked/unlocked
起落架前轮nose wheel
起落架舱wheel well
起落架舱门wheel door
放下起落架（收上起落架）extend/lower/deploy the gear (retract the gear)
放轮（收轮）gear extension (gear retraction)
起落架被卡阻the gear is jammed
应急放下系统emergency extension system
摇动放下起落架crank the gear down/manually lower the gear
轮胎爆破Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre
瘪胎deflated tyre
漏胎flat tyre
轮胎被扎破puncture
反推装置thrust reverser
排气道和尾锥tail cone
天线antenna
客舱passenger cabin
地板floor
顶棚（板）ceiling
机上厨房galley
厕所toilet
前(后)货舱forward(after)hold
(下)货舱lower cargo compartment
航行灯navigation light
左(右)着陆灯left(right)landing lamp
闪光灯flash light
警告灯warning light
（二）航空器系统（aircraft system）
1．动力系统（powerplant system）
辅助动力装置APU(auxiliary power unit)
引擎短舱 nacelle (engine cowling）
螺旋桨propeller
风车windmill
发动机吸进了鸟/水bird/water ingestion
外来物损伤FOD(foreign object damage)
发动机失效engine failure
机械故障engineering trouble/mechanical problem
发动机熄火engine flame out
抖动vibration
马力小 the engine is low on power
停车engine shutdown
发动机喘振 engine surge
振动vibration
动作筒actuator
风扇fan
气缸cylinderEGT(exhaust gas temperature排气温度)
2．燃油系统（fuel system）
燃油箱 fuel tanks
燃油泵fuel pump
燃油油压过低警告灯low fuel pressure warning lights
煤油kerosene
航空煤油aviation kerosene
升压,增压(泵)boost(pump)
放油fuel dumping/jettison
消耗consume
油箱fuel tank
油量不足short of fuel
不充足insufficient
剩余remain
燃油增压泵fuel booster pump
燃油（滑油）压力低fuel(oil)pressure low(drop)
3．液压(滑油)系统hydraulic（oil）system·
滑油温度表 oil temperature indicator
千斤顶(actuating) jacks
密封圈seals
活门valve。
4．电器系统（electrical system）
发电机generator motor
无线电设备Radio equipment
(备份)保险丝(spare)fuse
电线wire
插头plug
电路circuit
跳开关circuit breaker
电瓶(电压)battery(voltage)
电表ammeter
继电器relay
调压器voltage regulator
5．空调系统（air-conditioning system）
密封系统Sealing system
增压系统pressurization system
通风系统venting system
氧气设备oxygen equipment
减压 释压decompression
减压 释压depressurize
失密pressure failure
冷却 cooling
加热 heating
氧气面罩oxygen mask
流量flow
驾驶舱加温pilot cabin heat
6．刹车系统（brakesystem）
刹车brakes
防滞装置an anti-skid device
防滞刹车anti-skid brake
刹车不可靠the brakes are unreliable
刹车状况不好 braking action is poor
松刹车brakes released
刹车brakes set
气刹车pneumatic braking
手刹车manual braking
7．应急系统（emergencysystem）
灭火系统extinguisher system
防冰系统deicing system
超温（过热）overheat
发动机灭火瓶engine fire bottles
机翼除冰wing deicing
（三）驾驶舱（cockpit）
1．操纵系统（control system）
飞行操纵系统flight control system
飞行管理计算机系统(FMCS)flight management computer system
人工操纵系统manual controls
自动驾驶操纵系统autopilot controls
自动油门系统auto throttle system
仪表着陆系统instrument landing system
中央操纵台center console
操纵台control stand
控制板control panel
杆levers/stick/column
操纵杆control column
操纵手柄handle
油门thrust levers
按钮或旋钮knobs
开关switch
曲柄（摇把）cranks
前轮转弯手操作盘nose wheel steering hand wheel
机内通话inter communication
耳机head set
装载与配平系统weight and balance system
2．航空器仪表（aircraft instrument）
仪表instrument /gauge/indicator
仪表板instrument panel
顶部仪表板overhead panel
主显示系统primary display system
指示器（仪表）indicator
飞行指引仪flight director
地评议horizon indicator
备份地评议stand by gyro-horizon
发动机仪表engine indicator
高度表altimeter
气压高度表pressure altimeter
无线电高度表radio altimeter
空速表airspeed indicator
升降速度表vertical speed indicator(rate of climb and descent indicator) 转速表R.P.M(revolutions per minute)
起落架位置指示器landing gear/undercarriage position indicator
刹车压力表brake pressure gauge
偏流指示器deviation altimeter
超温（过热）overheat
3．航空器动作（aircraft manoeuvre）
俯仰pitch/tilt
横滚roll
偏转yaw
压坡度bank the aircraft
抬（提）起lift off/rotate
抬机头pitch up the aircraft (to nose up)
推机头pitch down the aircraft (to nosedown)
大角度爬升climb steeply
修正动作corrective action
改平level off
失速stall
螺旋spin
从失速中改出recover from stall
急转弯sharp turn
减慢（速度）slow down
跟踪trail
二、气象（meteorology）
（一）云（cloud）
云底高ceiling
少云 FEW 1～2/8, few
疏云 SCT 3～4/8, scattered
裂开云，多云 5～7/8, broken
满天云 8/8 , overcast (continuous)
在云中In cloud
断续云中In and out of cloud
云在增加cloud is building up
云在消散cloud is clearing up/dissipating
积雨云CB(cumulonimbus)
塔状积雨云towering cumulonimbus
（二）能见度（visibility）
晴空sky clear
薄雾Mist
轻雾light fog
浓雾dense fog
吹雾,平流雾drifting fog
雾在消散fog is clearing up
雾越来越浓fog is getting worse
霾Haze
烟Smoke
烟雾Smog
沙暴sandstorm
（三）风（wind）
风wind
地面风surface wind
无风（静风）wind calm
微风light wind
中速风moderate wind
强风strong wind
顺风tailwind
顶风headwind
侧风crosswind
阵风gust
阵风达8 m/s, gusts up to 8 m/s
风向风速仪wind-gauge
稳定风steady wind
风向不稳定variable wind
风越来越大the wind is getting stronger
风切变wind shear
微暴microburst
风暴storm
涡流vortex(vortices)
（四）颠簸（turbulence）
晴空颠簸clear air turbulence
中度颠簸moderate turbulence
严重颠簸severe turbulence
平稳的smooth
上升气流updraught
下降气流downdraught
高空急流jet stream
（五）降水（precipitation）
小雨light rain
大雨heavy rain
间歇性雨intermittent rain
连续性降水continuous rain
偶尔下阵雨occasional showers
零零散散的阵雨scattered showers
毛毛雨drizzle
雪snow
冻雨freezing rain
雨夹雪sleet
飑（线）squall
飓风hurricane
龙卷风tornado
冰雹hail
雷暴thunderstorm
闪电光flash of lightning
闪电lightning
雹暴hailstorm
雪暴snowstorm
结冰icing
（六）温度（temperature）
外界温度，大气温度outside air temperature
露点温度dewpoint
温度在上升the temperature is rising
温度在下降the temperature is falling/dropping
温度稳定the temperature is steady
（七）跑道道面状况（runway surface condition）
在化的雪melting snow
雪水（或半化的雪）slush
雪堆snow drift
雪清除snow clearance
跑道上有结冰the runway is icy
冰块(跑道上结的一块块冰)ice patches
跑道湿the runway is wet
跑道滑the runway is slippery
积水pools of water/ standing water 、floodwater
刹车效应差braking action is poor
刹车效应好braking action is good
刹车效应中braking action is medium
三、机场车辆（airport vehicle）
地面车辆ground vehicle/car
机坪车辆ramp vehicle
引导车follow me car
空调车air condition car
运送乘客巴士shuttle bus
大客车coach
摆渡车airport passenger bus/ferry
餐车galley service truck
食品车（配餐车）catering truck
拖车tow tug/towing tractor
拖把tow bar
机载客梯air stairs/steps
地面电源车ground power vehicle (unit)
气源车pneumatic
救火车fire engine(truck)
救护车ambulance
急救车first-aid
加油车refueller
油车tank car
供水车water service truck
平台车dolly
保安运货车security van
牵引车tractor
犁雪车snow plough
吹雪车runway snow blower
除冰车ice-melter
吊臂车cherry-picker
挖土车bull-dozer
起重机crane
四、地面相关设备与服务（relevant ground equipment and service）
服务设备furnishing equipment
医疗服务medical service
安全服务safety services
候机楼terminal
客/停机坪apron/ramp
廊桥（英）air bridge/loading bridge
廊桥（美）jetway
登机口passenger gate
海关customs
输送带conveyor
地勤ground handling
机库hangar
舱单load sheet
航空运货单air waybill
登机（英）embark/board
轮挡wheel chock
风挡刮水器（美）windshield wiper
风挡刮水器（英）windscreen wiper
下飞机，从飞机上卸下（英）disembark/unload
地面电源插座external socket
地面电源ground power
外部电源external power
拔下地面(外部) 电源disconnect ground(external) power
接上地面(外部) 电源reset ground(external) power
气源start air
供气supply start air
拔下(接上)气源disconnect（reset）start air unit
消防队fire service/assistance
故障排除trouble shooting/fixed
航空常用英语单词
五、关于非正常情况和紧急情况的词汇及词组
A:Abort take-off/reject/abandon中断起飞
A flock of birds一群鸟
At your own discretion由你自己决定
Adjust调整
As published根据公布的
Airborne升空
Active runway(runway in use)正在使用的跑道
Air conditioning smoke=pack空调冒烟
Anonymous call(letter)匿名电话（信）
Anti-icing system inoperative防冰系统不工作
allocate分配
aileron副翼
auxiliary辅助
attacked攻击
B:Backtrack调头
Belly landing(gear up landing)机腹落地
Bird strike鸟击
Birds ingestion吸鸟
Bomb炸弹
Breaking action刹车效应
Braking action poor刹车效应差
Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre爆胎
burn off消耗
baggage loader传送带
blast fence气流档板
C:Cabin fire客舱失火
Caution wake turbulence注意尾流
Cabin temperature is rising客舱温度升高
Cargo fire/smoke货舱失火/冒烟
Center of gravity to the rear重心靠后
Commence开始
Converging会聚
Cockpit window broken驾驶舱窗户出现问题
Converging traffic汇聚飞机
conflict冲突
cough咳
cracked破裂
chemicals of industrial化学品
crane operating=hoist吊车
crossfeed valve failure
D:Distance距离
Destination目的地
Detect探测
Deviate from the corridor偏出走廊
Discharge extinguisher(agent)喷射灭火瓶（灭火剂
Ditching水上迫降
Dumping(jettison)放油
Due separation=spcing由于间隔
debris=fragments(metal strips)碎片
dense smoke浓烟drunk醉酒
dispatched派遣decelerating减速
disease outbreak疾病爆发
detonate explosives引爆炸药
E:Electric smoke or fire电器冒烟或火警
Emergency braking应急刹车
Emergency descent紧急下降
Emergency evacuation紧急撤离
Emergency gear extension not available(failure)应急放轮不成功
Emergency gear extension应急放轮
Emergency landing紧急落地
Engine failure发动机失效
Engine fire发动机失火
Epidemic=pandemic流行病
F:Fire engine/fire truck救火车
fuel dumping/fuel jettison放油
Fuel leak out漏油
Flame out熄火
Fly around (go round, circumnavigate, detour, offset)绕航
Forced landing迫降
Fuel level is going down燃油液面下降
fade area盲区
fever发烧
fuel starvation不足＝fuel supply
fighter战斗机
fainted晕倒
first-aid relief materials on baord紧急药品
flight strip printer飞行进程单
G:Give way to让路
Glide path下滑道
Ground air地面气源
Ground power地面电源
gun-launched area火箭炮空地
H:Hijacker劫持者
Heart attack/disease心脏病
Hydraulic pressure is dropping rapidly液压压力快速跌落
Hydraulic system leak液压系统泄漏
automatic direction finding system自动指引系统
ADFShelicopter直升机
hypertension lost consciousness高血压失去知觉
badly hurt=injury
I:Intercept localizer切航道
ntention打算
incursion入侵
illuminated照明
J:Jammed stabilizer landing安定面卡阻
L:Level change on route航路上高度改变
Left or right at your convenience左右随你
Low pass低空通场
M:Military movement军事活动
Maneuver left or right右左机动
Make further checks作进一步调查
Mechanical failure机械故障
mistake=false＝incorrect错误
mountain山脉=air convective
make a short circuit小航线
N:No restriction无限制
Noise abatement procedure减噪音程序
Nose gear steering inoperative前轮转弯不工作
O:Opposite direction相反方向
Obstacle(obstruction)障碍物
Overheat超温
orbit盘旋
organize组织
obese肥胖＝policy violation
P:Parallel runway (taxiway)平行跑道（滑行道）
PAX baggage identification旅客行李识别
PAX evacuation旅客撤离
PAX stairs/steps旅客客梯
Proceeding to飞往，前往
Prohibited area禁区
Priority landing优先落地
Prohibited(forbidden)area禁区
Q:quarantine隔离
quarreled争吵
R:Reduce减小
Revised app. clearance修正的进近许可
Registered No.注册号码
Rest route unchanged其余航路不变
Reason unknown原因不明
Returning(coming back)返场
S:Same direction同向
Short of fuel燃油短缺
Skid off (slide off)滑出
Slight( moderate, severe,serious) turbulence轻度（中度，严重）颠簸
Smoke continue烟雾继续
Stall失速
Stretcher担架
Structure damage结构损坏
swine flu猪流感
stroke中风
sick病
shiver发抖
special flight特殊飞行
T:Taxi with caution滑行小心
Thunder-storm ( build up, CB, indication of WX) 雷雨
Too close to the preceding aircraft太接近前面飞机
Try to find the cause试图查明原因
Transmitter发射机 tail strike擦尾
turbine blades涡轮碎片
U:Unreported vehicle未经报告的车辆
Unsure my position不明位置
Unaccompanied child无人陪伴的儿童
V:Visual app目视进近
volcanic ashes火山灰
vortex漩涡
W:Wheel well fire轮舱失火
Wind shear风切变
Windshield风挡
Work in progress ahead前面正在施工
Wheel chair轮椅
Warning light on警告灯亮
wrong direction错误方向
wheelchairs=handicapped障碍人士
六、飞行中常用的单词
A:above cloud在云上
aborted-take off abandoned-take off rejected中断起飞
adjacent to靠近
advised进一步
airborne升空
aircraft status状况
airway航路
all stations各电台
approved同意
apron机坪
anti-icing system防冰系统
ask for请求
as published -at the moment暂时根据公布
at your own discretion由你自己决定
available有效的,可行的
B:back on course回到航路
backtrack180度调头
Balance平衡
Ballast压舱板
be held up阻碍
behind在后面
belongs to属于
be stuck in卡住
between两者之间
bird strike鸟击
birds ingestion吸鸟
broken断开 break break断开
burst tyre-blow out-=flat tyre爆胎
busy忙
buildup雷雨
C:cabin decompression客舱释压
cabin altitude客舱高度
cabin fire客舱失火
cancel取消
calm镇静
cannot不能
call sign呼叫
change改变
cargo conveyor belt传送带
check检查
CG moved to the rear part unbalanced重心移动、后部不平衡
check again再检查
clearance许可
close接近
closing from right从右接近
Commence开始
Comply with遵守
congestion拥挤
conflicting冲突
cross穿越
crew机组
crowd拥挤circle to land反向落地
collide撞＝collision
D:detailed taxi instruction详细滑行指示
delays undetermined延误未确定
detour buildup绕航雷雨
displaced内移
distress遇险
ditching水上迫降
Don’t sink不要下沉
due broken surface由于道面破损
due spacing由于间隔
due weight由于重量
during push back推机期间
E:effective有效
encounter moderate turbulence遇到中度颠簸
experiencing moderate turbulence遇到中度颠簸
emergency紧急
emergency descent紧急下降
emergency service应急设施
engine failure发动机故障
established LOC建立航道
expedite加速 extinguish扑灭
extend downwind延长三边
expect higher level预计高高度
expect预计 estimating预计
F:facing west面朝前面飞机
fast turn off快速道
flame out熄火
flight plan route飞行计划航路
first第一
first convenient right第一道口右转
follow-in front of在前面
forced被迫
forced landing迫降
freighter货机
full call sign全呼
further advised进一步通知
exit出口，离开
G:gear is not down轮未放下
glide slope(path)下滑道
give way to让路
ground staff地面工作人员
go round绕航 重力gravity
H:holding area等待区域
I:icy patches冰片
identified识别
l-need需要
immediately立即
inoperative不工作
instruction指令
intercept切入
intersection交叉口
initially起始
it’s famous for---以--著名
J:jammed卡阻
L:leave frequency脱波
leave this area离开此区域
low pass低空通场
lose time消磨时间
M:magnetic track磁航迹
Maintenance维护
make orbit right右盘旋
maybe可能maneuver机动
marshaller信号员
miss turn off 错过快速道
Monitor监督/班长
moving移动
message信息
N:navigation导航
nearest/closest最近的
not below FL130不低于FL130
unsure of my position位置不确定
north east 东北
north west西北
nose gear前轮
-next下一个
O:obstacles障碍物
orbit盘旋
overtake超越
P:PAX seriously ill旅客严重生病
parking on the apron在停机坪
PAX stairs/steps旅客客梯
port engine左发
position位置
possible reason可能的原因
present position目前位置
prevent预防
problem问题
proceed to前往
pull in to the left停靠到左面
pull over to the left停靠到左面
pull up拉升
Q:queued up排队
R:radial径向线
r/w vacated跑道脱离
rapidly迅速
readback复诵
reach到达
realize意识
reason unknown原因不明
recommend劝告,推荐
reduce to minimum app.减小到最低进近速度
Regulation规章
replacement替换件
request priority请求优先
response回答
resume恢复
recleared重新许可
request level change en route请求航路高度改变
Rescue营救
revised修正了的
Responsibility责任、职责
right track右航迹
rising上升
rudder方向舵
S:second第二
short count短数
short final短五边
sink rate下沉率
skid off滑出,偏出
slot time离场时间
snow雪
squawk应答机
squawk identing应答机识别
starboard engine右发问题
strengthen security加强安全
struck by lightning遭闪电击
stuck陷入
structure结构
sure确信
survivals幸存者
suspected heart attack疑惑有心脏病
T:take the second left第二道口左转
there is WX ahead前面有雷
third第三
thunderstorm雷雨
Threshold跑道入口处
tow bar拖把
track out出航
transmitter发射机
transmitting blind盲发
turbulence颠簸
U:unable不能够
unable to comply不能执行
undercarriage起落架
until直到
unknown traffic不明飞机
urgency紧急
V:vacate脱离
vector引导
verify核实
visual check目视检查
W:waiting等待
why overshot为什么复飞
work in progress在施工