第1章 切削加工基础知识
1.1切削加工概述
切削cutting; 加工 machining;
金属切削 metal cutting (metal removal); 金属切削工艺 metal-removal process; 金属工艺学 technology of metals; 机器制造machine-building; 机械加工 machining; 冷加工 cold machining; 热加工 hot working; 工件 workpiece; 切屑chip;
常见的加工方法 universal machining method; 钻削drilling; 镗削 boring; 车削 turning; 磨削 grinding; 铣削 milling; 刨削 planning; 插削slotting 锉filing 划线lineation; 錾切carving; 锯sawing; 刮削facing; 钻孔boring; 攻丝 tap;
1.2零件表面构成及成形方法
变形力 deforming force;
变形 deformation; 几何形状 geometrical; 尺寸dimension 精度 precision;
表面光洁度 surface finish; 共轭曲线 conjugate curve; 范成法 generation method; 轴 shaft;
1.3机床的切削运动及切削要素
主运动 main movement;
主运动方向 direction of main movement; 进给方向 direction of feed; 进给运动 feed movement;
合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed; 合成切削运动 resultant movement of cutting;
合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削速度 cutting speed; 传动 drive/transmission; 切削用量 cutting parameters; 切削速度 cutting speed; 切削深度 depth of cut; 进给速度 feed force; 切削功率 cutting power;
1.4金属切削刀具
合金工具钢alloy tool steel; 高速钢 high-speed steel; 硬质合金 hard alloy; 易加工 ease of manufacturing 切削刀具 cutting tool;刀具 cutter; 车刀 lathe tool;
主切削刃 main cutting edge; 副切削刃assistant cutting edge; 刀体 tool body 刀柄tool shank; 前刀面 rake face; 主后刀面 major flank; 刀尖 nose of tool;
主剖面系tool orthogonal plane system; 切削平面 tool cutting edge plane; 主剖面 tool orthogonal plane; 切削宽度 width of the uncut chip;
进给平面系 assumed working plane system; 加工表面 transient surface; 前角 rake angle; 后角 clearance angle; 主偏角 tool cutting edge angle; 刀尖角nose angle;
1.5刀具切削过程及磨削机理
塑性变形 plastic distortion; 微观组织,显微结构microstructure 切削力cutting force; 切削温度 cutting temperature; 积屑瘤built-up edge; 刀尖磨损nose wear; 月牙洼crater;
残留应力 residual stress; 应力 stress; 硬度 rigidity;磨削grinding; 砂轮 grinding wheel; 磨粒grain; 剪切 shear; 摩擦 friction; 内力 internal force
1.6~1.8 切削加工质量、材料的切削加工性、切削液的选择
加工精度 machining accuracy; 表面质量 surface finish;
工艺性能technological performance;
材料切削加工性指标 machinability index of material; 切削液 cutting fluid 切削油 cutting oil;
1.9 件的装夹及夹具
定位梢 dowel; 定位 allocation; 机床夹具 jig; 组装线Assembly line; 机械零件 mechanical parts; 钳工 locksmith; 精加工 finish machining; 粗加工 rough machining; 气动夹紧 pneuma-lock; 同心,同心度concentricity 垂直度perpendicular; 基准 benchmark; 基准线 reference line; 夹具 fixture;
通用夹具 universal fixture;专用夹具 Fixture for special purpose; 可调夹具adjustable fixture; 组合夹具 modular fixture; 工序 process;
设计基准designing datum; 工艺基准 datum features in process;
1.10 金属切削机床
机床 machine tool;
机床运动 motion of machine; 机床型号 machine tool model;
机床加工精度 machining accuracy of machine tool; 车床 lathe;
普通车床engine lathe; 卧式车床horizontal lathe; 立式车床 vertical lathe; 钻床drill press; 镗床boring machine; 铣床 milling machine;
磨床 grinder(grinding machine); 牛头刨床shaper; 龙门刨床planer;
插床 slotting machine(slotter)
第2章 常用加工方法综述及加工方案选择
一、车削
车削 turning; 车刀 lathe tool 车床 lathe
普通车床engine lathe; 卧式车床horizontal lathe;
立式车床 vertical lathe;
仿形车床 duplicating lathe (copy lathe); 转塔车床turret lathe; 细长轴 long slender shaft 纵向车削 straight turning; 锥体车削 taper turning; 仿形车削 contour turning; 端面车削 facing;
回转表面 surface of revolution; 平面 flat surface; 圆面round surface
仿形表面contoured surface 退刀槽recess 卡盘 chuck; 尾架tailstock;
床头箱,主轴箱headstock; 销 pin; 卡箍 bar clasp; 花盘faceplate; 主轴 spindle;
二、钻削
钻削drilling; 钻床drill press; 钻头 drill; 锪孔counter boring; 内表面internal surface 铰孔、扩孔reaming; 攻丝 tapping;
孔加工 spot facing machining; 铰 ream; 铰刀 reamer; 盲孔blind hole; 麻花钻 twist drill; 埋头孔countersink; 锥柄taper shank;
三、镗削
镗削 bore;
镗床boring machine; 镗杆boring bar 纵向镗削straight boring; 表面光洁度 surface finish;
卧式镗孔机horizontal boring machine;
四 、 铣削
铣削mill;
铣床 milling machine 铣刀 milling cutter; 缝Slot 槽groove; 平面 flat surface; 圆面round surface 仿形表面contoured surface; 周铣Peripheral milling
端铣face milling; multi model miller; 靠模铣床; copy milling machine; 仿形铣床 ; contouring machine;
五、磨削
磨削grinding;
磨床 grinder(grinding machine); 外圆磨削 external grinding;
内圆磨削 internal grinding(cylindrical grinding); 平面磨削 plane grinding abrasive; 外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine; 平面磨床surface grinder;
外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine 内圆磨床internal cylindrical machine; 成形磨床form grinding machine; 仿形磨床copy grinding machine
万能工具磨床universal tool grinding machine;
六、拉削
拉削broaching; 拉床 broaching machine; 拉刀 broaching tool;
外表面拉削 external surface broaching; 内表面拉削internal surface broaching; 多功能机床 multifunction machine; 多齿刀具 multitooth tool; 切屑槽 chip gullet;
七、刨削
刨削planning; 牛头刨床shaper; 龙门刨床planer; 龙门刨削 planning;
旋臂刨床 radial drilling machine 仿形刨床copy shaping machine;
八、 齿轮加工
齿轮加工gear machining; 齿轮 gear; 滚齿 gear hobbing; 滚齿刀 hobbing cutter;
直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear; 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear; 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack; 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear;
九、螺纹加工
螺纹加工thread machining; 螺纹切削thread cutting; 攻丝 tapping; 丝锥tap; 板牙die; 螺钉 screw;
标准件 standard component; 位移 displacement 截面 section;
十、光整加工
光整加工 micro finishing; 研磨 mull (lapping); 研磨剂lapping compound; 研磨膏paste;
研磨机床lapping machine 抛光 polishing 抛光膏 buffing cream; 抛光轮 polishing wheel; 抛光机 polisher 珩磨 honing
珩磨轮 honing wheel; 珩磨机床honing machine;
超精加工机床 superfinishing machine; 超精加工 superfinish;
第3章 机械加工工艺过程
机械加工工艺过程 machining process; 工步 step of an operation; 工位 work station; 工序 process;
工艺文件 manufacturing process document; 工艺卡片 technological card; 工艺规程 process plan;
机械加工工艺卡machining process sheet; 工艺设计 technological design; 设计基准 designing datum; 工艺基准 datum features in process; 基准重合 consistency of datum feature; 基面统一原则 unified datum principle; 机械加工工序卡machining operation sheet; 工艺过程设计process planning;; 工艺路线process route; 工艺过程卡process sheet; 产品规格product specification; 产品用途product use; 产品责任product liability; 生产线production line;
生产进度计划production schedule; 生产率productivity; 批量生产batch production;
第4章 切削加工零件结构工艺性
切削cutting; 加工 machining; 工件 workpiece; 零件part; 毛坯 rough;
工艺性能 processing property;
装配结构的合理性 rationality of assembly structure; 零件结构合理性 rationality of detail structure; 标准化 standardization;
第5章 先进制造技术
先进制造技术Advanced Manufacturing Technology; 信息技术information Technology; 产品 product; 设计 design; 加工machining; 检测check; 管理manage; 销售sell; 使用use; 服务serve; 回收 reclaim;
计算机集成制造系统Computer Integrated Manufacturing System(CIMS);
智能制造系统Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS); 精密工程 precise engineering; 成组技术group technology; 方式(法)methodology;
柔性制造系统Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS); 数控机床numerically controlled machine tool;
加工中心Machining Center(MC);
计算机数字控制computerized numerical control (CNC); 自动换刀装置automatic tool changer(ATC); 直接数字控制Direct numerical control(DNC); 分布式数字控制Distributed numerical control(DNC); 群控DNC;
单机自动化stand-alone automatization 自动机床Automatic machine; 组合机床 combination machine; 专用机床special machine; NC钻床NC drilling machine NC磨床NC grinding machine ; NC车床NC lathe
卧式加工制造中心horizontal machine center; 立式加工制造中心 vertical machine center; 车间shop floor; 库存inventory; 工艺process; 分类classification; 编码系统coding system; 零件外型part configuration; 工艺规划process planning; 单元式制造cellular manufacturing; 小车维修站Cart maintenance station; 零件清洗站Parts wash station; 装卸站Unload station; 回收系统Recovery system; 小车转弯站 Cart turnaround station; 集成化integration 协调tradeoff;
成族零件family-of-part;
换刀装置Tool changer;
机床控制装置machine control unit; 组装线 Assembly line;
第6章 先进制造运行模式
先进制造运行模式Advanced Manufacturing Operation Model; 计算机集成制造系统Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems(CIMS);
精益生产(LP亦称精良生产)Lean Production; 敏捷制造Agile Manufacturing(AM); 绿色制造Green Manufacturing;
计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design(CAD); 计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM);
计算机辅助工艺过程设计Computer Aided process planning(CAPP); 物料需求计划Material Requirements Planning(MRP); 计算机辅助教育Computer Aided Education (CAE); 虚拟制造Virtual Manufacturing(VM); 并行工程Concurrent Engineering (CE); 面向装配的设计 Design For Assembly(DFA); 面向制造的设计 Design For Manufacturing(DFM);
第7章 特种加工
特种加工(NTM)Nontraditional Manufacturing;
一、电火花加工
电火花加工spark-erosion machining;
电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire – cutting; 电火花穿孔spark-erosion drilling; 电火花雕刻spark-erosion carving;
二、电解加工
电解加工Electrolytic machining;
三、超声波加工
超声波加工 Ultrasonic machining; 变幅杆Transducer nose 铜垫圈Copper washer;
放大刀具夹持器Amplifying tool holder 超声波振动Ultrasonic vibration; 银钎焊Sliver braze; 仿形刀具 Shaped tool; 蜡焊缝Wax weld 支持材料Backup material; 磨料悬浮液Abrasive slurry; 吸入管Suction line
四、激光加工
激光加工Laser processing; 激光束加工Laser beam machining 激光切割 laser cutting 激光打孔 laser drilling; 激光焊接 laser welding;