borough
英 [‘bʌrə]美 [‘bɝro]- n. 区；自治的市镇
- n. (Borough)人名；(英)伯勒
助记提示
1. *burg- / *bourg- ‘protect, fortress‘ (whence also bury), a variant of *berg- (source of English barrow ‘mound‘ and German berg ‘mountain, hill‘) and *borg- (source of English borrow).2. *burg- / *bourg- meaning began to change from ‘fortress‘, through ‘fortified town‘, to simply ‘town‘.
3. *burg- => borough (Old English burg or burh).
4. 本义：a dwelling or dwellings within a fortified enclosure.
中文词源
borough 行政区来自PIE *bhergh(2), 高，高山。原指建于山上的城堡。参照电影《魔戒》建于高山的壮观的钢铎城。词源同burg, 城镇。
英文词源
boroughborough: [OE] Borough (Old English burg or burh) comes from Germanic *burgs ‘fortress’ (whence also German burg ‘castle, stronghold’). It was a derivative of the base *burg- ‘protect’ (whence also bury), a variant of *berg- (source of English barrow ‘mound’ and German berg ‘mountain’) and *borg- (source of English borrow).At some time during the prehistoric Germanic period a progression in meaning began to take place from ‘fortress’ (which had largely died out in English by 1000), through ‘fortified town’, to simply ‘town’. Romance languages borrowed the word, giving for instance French bourg, from which English gets burgess [13] and bourgeois [16]. Burrow [13] is probably a variant form.
=> bourgeois, burgess, burrow, buryborough (n.)Old English burg, burh "a dwelling or dwellings within a fortified enclosure," from Proto-Germanic *burgs "hill fort, fortress" (cognates: Old Frisian burg "castle," Old Norse borg "wall, castle," Old High German burg, buruc "fortified place, citadel," German Burg "castle," Gothic baurgs "city"), from PIE root *bhergh- (2) "high," with derivatives referring to hills, hill forts, fortified elevations (source also of Old English beorg "hill;" see barrow (n.2)).
In German and Old Norse, chiefly as "fortress, castle;" in Gothic, "town, civic community." Meaning shifted in Middle English from "fortress," to "fortified town," to simply "town" (especially one possessing municipal organization or sending representatives to Parliament). In U.S. (originally Pennsylvania, 1718) often an incorporated town; in Alaska, however, it is the equivalent of a county. The Scottish form is burgh. The Old English dative singular byrig survives in many place names as -bury.
双语例句
1. The Department is inviting applications from groups within the Borough.该部门欢迎本行政区内各团体提出申请。来自柯林斯例句
2. Families of six or seven are the norm in Borough Park.在区公园住宅区六口或七口之家十分普遍。来自柯林斯例句
3. The borough is twinned with Kasel in Germany.该自治市与德国的卡瑟尔市结成了友好城市。来自柯林斯例句
4. the London borough of Westminster伦敦的威斯敏斯特自治市来自《权威词典》
5. Oradell is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.奥拉德尔是美国新泽西州卑尔根县中的小镇.