英文法律文书中commit一词的用法
APPLICATION OF THE WORD COMMIT IN ENGLISH LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
commit这个动词包含有“使承担义务”或“使遭到某一重大行动的影响”的概括意义，但是派生出很多复杂的具体释义。
（1）作为及物动词，比较简单明了的一个释义，就是“犯（某罪行）”。
【例如】commit murder犯杀人罪 / commit adultery通奸/ commit blasphemy犯亵渎罪 / About 17 percent of all crime in 1938 was committed by people under 21. 1938年全部犯罪案大约有百分之十七是未满二十一岁的人犯的。但是也可以指犯的不是罪行而只是错误或不当。【例如】commit a stupid blunder犯一个愚蠢的错误 / commit needless errors犯不必要的失误。其中一个较为特别的用法是commit suicide自杀。
（2）作为及物动词，较为捉摸不定的另一个释义，就是“交付”、“付之”（后有to介词短语）（体味其含义，可以参考中文的“付诸流水”、“付诸实施”、“付之一炬”、“付之一笑”、“付梓”、“付邮”等用语），而宾语所代表的事物，总是要遭受到某种决定性重大行动的影响。
【例如】She committed all the letters to the flames. 她把所有信件付诸一炬。
You‘ll need these figures so often that you must commit them to memory.
这些数字你是会常常用上的，所以你应该记住（付诸记忆）。
He committed his troubles to oblivion.
他把自己的麻烦置诸脑后（付诸遗忘）。
He held his tongue and committed his thoughts to paper only.
他一言不发，有什么想法都只是写在纸上（付诸笔墨）。
He was loath to commit sensitive information to paper.
他很不喜欢把敏感信息付诸笔墨。
Maria would commit the list to the official page in clean, precise writing.
利亚就会把这个表格用清晰准确的字体写进正式的填写单上。
He was committed to trial.
他被交付审判。
They committed him to prison.
他们把他关进监狱里。
He‘s been committed to a private psychiatric hospital in Newark.
他已经被送到了纽瓦克的一所私人精神病院。
（3）与此相类似的一个释义，是“将（某人或某事物）交托（另一人）负责（正面的）照料或（负面的）处理”。
【例如】commit the management of an estate to an agent
委托一个代理人管理产业。
on landing in Boston in 1872, my father and I were able safely to commit our trunk to the expressman. (Santayana)
1872年在波士顿上岸时，我父亲和我把行李箱安全交托给了运送员。
She committed her son to the tutor‘s care.
她把儿子交托给家庭教师照料。
（4）与此相类似的另一个释义，就是直接宾语代表某人，commit是使该人承担某责任、义务或任务（to something）。
【例如】One of the strengths of church wedding is that it commits two whole families to the support of the marriage.
在教堂举行婚礼的一个好处，就是使得双方全体家人都表态支持这门亲事。
That would commit us to the purchase. 这样做，我们就会有义务非买不可。
The pact commits both nations to mutual assistance.
根据协定，两国有互助的义务。
To commit oneself to something指自己承担某种责任或义务。【例如】I can‘t commit myself to that. 我不能承诺这样做。
The candidate has not committed himself on this question.
候选人没有就这个问题表明态度。
They want to experiment with computers without committing themselves to any capital expenditure.
他们想用电脑进行试验，而又不承担任何投资支出。
She had committed herself to helping him.
她已经承担了帮助他的义务。
Lisa and Bruce had committed themselves to summer jobs away from home.
里萨和布鲁斯已经安排了暑期离家干一些活。
如果不说to something，单说commit oneself，则意思是“表态”以及随之而来的“承担义务”。【例如】He wouldn‘t commit himself. 他不愿意表态。（可以参考形容词noncommittal“不置可否”。）
（5）如果直接宾语所代表的不是人而是资源或力量，commit something to something就是“将（某物）用于（某事）”的意思。
【例如】to commit troops to Afghanistan派兵前往阿富汗
The company must commit its entire resources to the project.
该公司必须将全部资金投入这个项目中去。
We‘re committing our blood to the battlefield.
我们正在把自己的鲜血投入战场。
We committed years and resources to this cause.
我们为了这个事业投入了多年的时间和许多资源。
commit的过去分词committed作为形容词，意思是“被占用”、“有任务”。
【例如】The truck is committed today. 卡车今天已经有任务。
（6）to commit somebody/something to something意思是“使得（某人或某事物）负起（某个负担）”。
【例如】Carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere commits the world to sea levels rising an average of up to 4.6 feet.
大气层中已有的二氧化碳，使得世界上的海平面升高平均可达4.6英尺。
（7）to be committed to可以是“坚守（某一承诺或某一观点）”或“对某事负有义务”的意思（属表示延续状态的第一类动词）。
【例如】I‘m committed to help him.我有义务要帮助他。
He was committed to his view on the Iraq issue. 他坚持他在伊拉克问题上的观点。
He was committed to his own version of evolutionism. 他坚守自己那个版本的进化论。committed也可以演变成为纯粹的形容词。
【例如】a committed Marxist坚定的马克思主义者
On land, human beings may be committed agriculturists, but in the sea they remain largely hunter-gatherers—albeit hunter-gatherers with industrialized fleets equipped with satellite and radar.
在陆地上，人类可能是坚定的务农主义者，但是在海上他们仍然主要是狩猎采集业者，尽管这样的狩猎采集业者拥有配备卫星和雷达的工业化船队。
（8）但是commit也可以作为不及物动词，相当于commit oneself。
【例如】When you commit to war, you commit to a situation where you don‘t always have control.
你一打起仗来，就要应付一个你不一定总是控制得了的局面。
（9）更多的例句
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根据本章程外，任何一方均无权以任何方式使其他各方受任何义务的约束或代其他各方承诺任何义务。
None of the Parties shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根据本章程外，任何一方均无权以任何方式使其他各方受任何义务的约束或代其他各方承诺任何义务。
for the period of [two] years after Completion employ, solicit, entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from the Purchaser any of the Transferring Employees whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在成交后〔两〕年的期间内，从买方雇用、招揽或试图雇用、招揽调任雇员或诱使或试图诱使任何调任雇员离开买方，不论该人会否因离开上述职务而违约；
incur or commit to incur any capital expenditures in excess of RMB 20 million individually or RMB 80 million in the aggregate, other than in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to a business plan approved by the Board prior to the date of this Contract and disclosed to the Purchaser;
发生或承诺发生单项超过人民币两千万元或累计超过人民币八千万元的任何资本支出，在正常业务进程中的或符合本合同日期之前经董事会批准并已披露给买方的业务计划的除外；
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Party to any obligations other than in accordance with this Contract.
除根据本合同外，任何一方均无权以任何方式使另一方受任何义务的约束或代另一方承诺任何义务。
during the subsistence of this Agreement and for the period of [ ] months/years after it ceases to hold Shares it will not either on its own account or in conjunction with or on behalf of any other person, firm or company employ, solicit or entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from [the Company] [any member of the Group] any person who is or shall have been at the date of or within one year prior to such cesser an officer, manager, consultant or employee of [the Company] [any member of the Group] whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在本协议持续期间并在其停止持有股份后〔 〕个月／年内，其将不会为其本身或与任何个人、商行或公司或代表任何个人、商行或公司从公司或集团的任何成员招揽或骗取或试图招揽或骗取任何人员旳光顾，而该等人员在上述停止之前一年内的任何时间是或已是〔公司〕〔集团的任何成员〕的高级人员、经理、顾问或雇员〕，无论该人员是否因上述离职而违约。
Nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall constitute or be deemed to constitute a partnership or agency between the Parties and save as expressly agreed herein none of the Parties shall have any authority to bind or commit any other Party.
本协议并无载有或默示任何条款构成或当作为构成各方之间的合伙或代理关系；除本协议另有明示协议外，各方均无任何权力约束任何其它一方或使任何其它一方作出任何承诺。
solicit or entice away (or attempt to do so) any employee of Employer, whether or not such person would commit a breach of his employment contract by the reason of his departure.
从雇主处拉拢或诱离（或试图拉拢或诱离）雇主的任何雇员，无论该等员工是否会因离职而违反其劳动合同。
None of the Parties shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根据本章程外，任何一方均无权以任何方式使其他各方受任何义务的约束或代其他各方承诺任何义务。
for the period of [two] years after Completion employ, solicit, entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from the Purchaser any of the Transferring Employees whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在成交后〔两〕年的期间内，从买方雇用、招揽或试图雇用、招揽调任雇员或诱使或试图诱使任何调任雇员离开买方，不论该人会否因离开上述职务而违约；
incur or commit to incur any capital expenditures in excess of RMB 20 million individually or RMB 80 million in the aggregate, other than in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to a business plan approved by the Board prior to the date of this Contract and disclosed to the Purchaser;
发生或承诺发生单项超过人民币两千万元或累计超过人民币八千万元的任何资本支出，在正常业务进程中的或符合本合同日期之前经董事会批准并已披露给买方的业务计划的除外；
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Party to any obligations other than in accordance with this Contract.
除根据本合同外，任何一方均无权以任何方式使另一方受任何义务的约束或代另一方承诺任何义务。
during the subsistence of this Agreement and for the period of [ ] months/years after it ceases to hold Shares it will not either on its own account or in conjunction with or on behalf of any other person, firm or company employ, solicit or entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from [the Company] [any member of the Group] any person who is or shall have been at the date of or within one year prior to such cesser an officer, manager, consultant or employee of [the Company] [any member of the Group] whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在本协议持续期间并在其停止持有股份后〔 〕个月／年内，其将不会为其本身或与任何个人、商行或公司或代表任何个人、商行或公司从公司或集团的任何成员招揽或骗取或试图招揽或骗取任何人员旳光顾，而该等人员在上述停止之前一年内的任何时间是或已是〔公司〕〔集团的任何成员〕的高级人员、经理、顾问或雇员〕，无论该人员是否因上述离职而违约。
Nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall constitute or be deemed to constitute a partnership or agency between the Parties and save as expressly agreed herein none of the Parties shall have any authority to bind or commit any other Party.
本协议并无载有或默示任何条款构成或当作为构成各方之间的合伙或代理关系；除本协议另有明示协议外，各方均无任何权力约束任何其它一方或使任何其它一方作出任何承诺。
solicit or entice away (or attempt to do so) any employee of Employer, whether or not such person would commit a breach of his employment contract by the reason of his departure.
从雇主处拉拢或诱离（或试图拉拢或诱离）雇主的任何雇员，无论该等员工是否会因离职而违反其劳动合同。
The Franchisee will have the right to participate in the “Golden Tulip” purchasing program. If the Franchisee chooses to do so, then it will commit to buy from the dedicated suppliers of “Golden Tulip” purchasing program a minimum amount of Euro 25,000.
9.5 被特许人有权参与金色郁金香的采购计划。如果被特许人决定参与采购活动，必须承诺向金色郁金香采购计划供货商至少购买俩万伍仟欧元（Euro25,000）的货品。
where a Party has committed an act of breach, and the non-defaulting Party decides to terminate the CJV Contract; provided that, if the defaulting Party has taken remedial measures or corrected its breach within 60 days upon receipt of a written notice of default from the non-defaulting Party, the CJV Contract shall not be terminated;
合作一方发生违约行为，而未违约方选择终止本合同，但是，如违约方在接到未违约方给他的违约书面通知后60天内对违约行为采取了补救或改正措施，则不予终止；
When the Company dismisses or does not renew the engagement of the accounting firm, it shall give the accounting firm 60 days’ prior notice. The accounting firm has the right to state its opinions thereon to the Shareholders’ General Meeting. If the accounting firm believes that the Company’s grounds for dismissing it or not renewing its engagement are not justified, it may file a complaint with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. If the accounting firm submits a request to be discharged from its engagement, it shall explain to the Shareholders’ General Meeting whether the Company has committed any irregularities.
公司解聘或者不再续聘会计师事务所时，提前六十天事先通知会计师事务所，会计师事务所有权向股东大会陈述意见。会计师事务所认为公司对其解聘或者不再续聘理由不当的，可以向中国证监会和中国注册会计师协会提出申诉。会计师事务所提出辞聘的，应当向股东大会说明公司有无不当情事。
Where the general manager or deputy general manager has abused his/her power for personal gains or has committed an act of malpractice or gross misconduct, such person may be removed and replaced at any time after a resolution relating such dismissal is passed by the Board. In the event that the general manager or the deputy general manager is also a director, he or she shall not vote on the resolution relating to his/her dismissal to be passed by the Board. The employment or dismissal of other employees of the JV Company shall be determined by the general manager in accordance with the rules on employment and dismissal of employees of the JV Company.
总经理、副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职的，经董事会会议决议可随时撤换及取代。但总经理或副总经理本身亦为董事时，在董事会通过对其撤换之决议时，不得参与表决。合资公司其他职工之聘任及解雇由总经理根据合资公司的职工招聘及解雇规则办理。
Neither the Vendor, nor any person for whose acts or defaults the Vendor may be vicariously liable, has committed any criminal offence or any tort or any breach of legislation, regulation or other requirement having force of law, relating to the Business.
卖方没有，而且卖方可能须为任何人的作为或失责而承担法律责任的该人亦没有，触犯关于业务的任何刑事罪行，或作出关于业务的任何侵权行为，或违反关于业务的任何法例、规例或其它具有法律效力的规定。
Details of all contracts or commitments for capital or development expenditure, or other expenditure not in the ordinary course of business, entered into or committed during the last [two] years or currently outstanding.
过去〔两〕年中订立或作出的，或目前尚未完结的，有关资本开支或发展开支或其它非正常业务营运中的开支的所有合约或承诺的详情。
In the event that a breach of this Contract is committed by one of the Parties to this Contract, the Party in breach shall be liable for any economic damages incurred by the other Party due to such breach. In the event that a breach of this Contract is committed by both of the Parties to this Contract, each Party shall be liable in proportion to the extent of its responsibility for such breach for any economic damages incurred by the other Party due to such breach.
如果本合同双方中一方违约，则违约方应对另一方因上述违约而发生的任何经济损害赔偿负责。如属本合同双方违约，则每一方应按其违约的责任比例对另一方因上述违约发生的经济损害赔偿承担责任。
if the other Party has committed a material breach of this Contract, and such breach is not cured within ninety (90) days of receipt of written notice of such material breach from the non-breaching party (in this case, only the non-breaching Party may terminate this Contract);
另一方已实质性地违反本合同，而且在收到非违约方关于该实质性违反的书面通知起九十 (90) 日内并未纠正该违反（在这种情况下，只有非违约方可以终止本合同）；
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this clause 2, the Recipient may disclose Confidential Information and/or reveal the existence and substance of the Parties’ discussions and evaluations in relation to the Proposed Project on a confidential basis to its officers, directors, employees, consultants, advisors, bankers, agents and representatives of its subsidiaries and affiliates, provided that the obligations set out in this Agreement will be deemed to apply to them in the same manner as to the Recipient and the Recipient will be held liable for any breach of any such obligation committed by any of them to the same extent as if committed by the Recipient.
尽管本第 2 条有任何相反的规定，但接受方可将保密资料和（或）双方就拟议项目进行讨论和评估一事及其实质内容，在保密的基础上披露给其高级职员、董事、雇员、顾问、银行、代理人及其子公司和关联公司的代表；但条件是，本协议规定的义务将视为以适用于接受方的相同方式适用于他们，而且接受方将对他们任何一方违反任何该等义务而承担责任，承担的程度如同接受方违反该等义务一样。
Songjiang Forte has not committed any breach of any Tax laws of the PRC, has no Tax liability, or is under no circumstance which is likely to result in any Tax liability.
松江复地未曾违反任何中国税收法律，不存在任何税收责任或可能引致税收责任的情况。
Songjiang Forte has paid Social Insurance in full for its employees and has committed no breach of any laws of the PRC on Social Insurance.
松江复地全额为其员工缴纳社会保险，未违反任何中国社会保险法律。
Songjiang Forte has never committed any breach of any laws, regulations or requirements concerning environmental protection and has obtained the Permits in connection with environmental protection.
松江复地从未违反任何与环境保护有关的法律、法规或要求，并已获得与环境保护有关的许可。
Currently with offices and branches in major cities, and a solid track record of participation and success in several of China‘s recent infrastructural projects and financial markets, the Investor’s target is to strive towards an increased presence in China. The Investor is committed to remaining a partnership in line with China‘s growth and development.
目前投资方在大城市都设有办事处和分支机构，并在参与中国近期的一些基础设施项目和金融市场中取得了良好的业绩和成功。投资方的目标是力求扩大在中国的业务。投资方致力于保持与中国的增长和发展相一致的合作关系。
Alcoa is a leading producer in the aluminum industry of the world, produces various aluminum products, and is committed to provide specialized parts and components for industrial products. Alcoa serves the aerospace, automotive, packaging, building and construction, commercial transportation industries and industrial market. In addition to aluminum products and components, Alcoa also has packaging business ranging from plastic bottle closures to Reynolds consumer products, and Baco household wraps. Alcoa’s vision is to be the worlds’ best supplier, employer, and investment choice – the best company in the world. Currently, the company is listed in global Fortune 500 business and its subsidiaries are located in 39 countries and regions, with more than 130,000 employees.
美铝是世界铝业的领先生产者，生产各种铝产品，致力于为工业产品提供专业零部件。美铝服务于航空、汽车、包装、建筑和施工、商业运输业和工业市场。除了铝产品和部件外，美铝还拥有从塑料瓶盖到Reynolds消费品及Baco家用膜等的包装业务。美铝的目标是成为世界最佳供应商、雇主和投资目标——世界最佳公司。目前，该公司被列入全球财富500强，其子公司遍布39个国家和地区，员工达130,000多人。
In the event that a breach of contract committed by a party to this Contract results in the non-performance of or inability to fully perform this Contract, the liabilities arising from the breach of contract shall be borne by the party in breach as provided in this Contract. In the event that a breach of contract is committed by more than one party, each breaching party shall bear its individual share of the liabilities arising from the breach of contract.
如果本合同某方违约以致本合同并未履行或不能充分履行，违约引起的责任应按本合同规定由违约方承担。如果超过一方违反本合同，每一违约方应各自承担其违约引起的那部分责任。
has committed an act of gross misconduct or abused his/her power for personal gains, which has caused substantial damage to the interests of the Company;
雇员严重失职，营私舞弊，对公司利益造成重大损害；
has committed a material breach of this Contract;
雇员严重违反本合同；
Employer may suspend the duties of Employee if he/she is subject to an investigation of any disciplinary or legal matter, in which case Employer shall pay Employee appropriate wage or living allowances in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations. If the investigation reveals that Employee has committed any disciplinary or legal offence, Employer shall be entitled to terminate this Contract pursuant to Article 8.2 above.
若雇员受到任何纪律或法律调查，雇主有权中止该雇员的职务，但雇主应根据中国相关法律法规支付适当的工资或生活补助。若调查表明该雇员从事了任何违纪或违法行为，雇主有权根据上述第8.2条解除本合同。
The parties are committed to growing the joint venture enterprise in the future in its current lines of business. The parties realize that funding growth may involve both debt and equity increases according to financing plans developed in the future. The parties agree to cooperate and support future growth. If one party elects not to invest in future growth, it will not frustrate additional equity funding by the other side, and ownership ratios may be adjusted accordingly provided that that parties can find a mutually acceptable way to ensure continued economic benefits for the party that is to be diluted.
合营双方致力于将来在其当前经营范围内发展合营企业。双方认识到，上述发展所需的融资可能涉及根据将来制订的融资计划，增加债务和股权。双方同意合作并支持未来发展。如果一方选择不对未来发展进行投资，该方将不会阻挠另一方的额外股权出资，并且所有权比例可作相应调整，但条件是双方找到一个彼此可以接受的方法，确保股权减少的一方的经济利益能得到继续。