简单句五种句式的核心特点
句式一:主语 谓语动词
Men come and go; Tides rise and fall. 人来人往,潮涨潮落。
句式二:主语 系动词 表语
Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。
句式三:主语 谓语动词 宾语
A leopard cannot change its spots. 江山易改,本性难移。
句式四:主语 谓语动词 宾语 宾语补足语
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
句式五:主语 谓语动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
(people)Give a dog a bad name and hang him。(此句为省略主语的祈使句,可加一主语people)欲加之罪,何患无辞。
上面5个句子的结构分析请看第5课的视频。
补充说明:
常见的三类系动词:
1. 表主语的状态、特征:feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear;
2. 表转变或结果:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall;
The weather is becoming warmer.(变化的持续性)
They have just got married.(变化结果)
The milk went sour.(不以意志为转移的变化,一般用于贬义,朝坏的方面改变)
The leaves turned yellow in the autumn. (不以意志为转移的变化)
Children grow wiser as they grow. (表人或自然的逐步变化)
All his dreams have come true.(强调情况的改善, 朝好的方面改变)
fall一般和后面的表语有固定搭配关系:fall ill, fall asleep, fall short(供应不足)
go的常见搭配:go hungry, go mad, go bad, go crazy, go wrong
3. 表保持某种状态:continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, prove
Stay healthy/busy
The weather continued fine for weeks.
He held silent for the whole day. 沉默不语
句式四和句式五的区分
双宾语和复合宾语怎么区别?方法是:在宾语后加be动词,如果形成的句子语意通顺就是句式四,即宾补。
①She will make him a good husband.
②She will make him a good wife.
【分析】第一句在宾语him后面加上is就成了:He is a good husband. 语义通顺,所以是句式四,a good husband是宾补。第二句在宾语him后面加上is就成了:He is a good wife. 语义不通,所以a good wife 是直宾。
上面两句的句意分别是:她会把他变成好丈夫的;她要做他的好妻子的。
以上常见的五种简单句的句式的共同特点是:只有一个谓语动词(and连接2个或2个以上的谓语动词时可以看成并列的一个动词)
并列句
我们先看几个例句:
1) I have failed, yet I shall try again.
2) The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
3) He shook his head, for he thought differently.
4) Give him an inch and he will take a mile.
5) Let’s go to the fashion show early, or we won’t be able to get good seats.
观察以上5个句子,我们发现他们有一个共同特点: 都是简单句 并列连词(或分号) 简单句的结构,都有两个主谓结构。
常见的并列连词有:and, or, but, yet, still, however(表转折关系), for, so, thus, therefore(表因果关系)等。
注:therefore前如果没有and时,就要用分号和前面的句子分开。
He lost his health;therefore his difficulties increased.
复合句
复合句的特点
我们先观察一下下列句子有什么样的特点:
Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 哪里有真爱,哪里就有奇迹。
The dictionary is the only place where success comes before work.
只有在字典中,成功会出现在工作之前。
Character is what you are in the dark. 暗处最能反映一个人真正的品格。
上面三个例句中,每个句子都有两个谓语动词,并且两个谓语动词是通过where、what连接到一起的。所以,复合句的常见结构是:主句 关联词 从句。
从以上的分析中我们可以得到这样的经验:
凡是句子,一定要有谓语动词;
简单句只有一个谓语动词,当谓语动词超过一个时,就需要用连接词连接;
并列句至少有两个谓语动词,这两个谓语动词由并列连词连接;
复合句至少有两个谓语动词,这两个谓语动词由关联词连接。
要搞懂一些长难句,就要从句子结构入手,从句子就够入手最简便的方法就是抓住谓语动词,谓语动词在句子中承上启下,是一句话的核心。