Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow.
感谢Brilliant对本期节目的支持。
Go to Brilliant. org/SciShow to learn more about their course The Chemical Reaction.
登录Brilliant.org/SciShow了解更多关于《The Chemical Reaction》课程的信息。
As a species, we love carbonated drinks.
我们人类喜欢碳酸饮料。
The fizz on our tongues, the distinct stinging and pungent sensation — bubbles can just make our drinks more fun.
舌尖上的气泡、明显刺痛的感觉——气泡会让我们的饮料变得更有趣。
But carbonation also gets a bad rap.
但碳酸名声不太好。
See, to make a fizzy drink, you need to saturate your super cold liquid with carbon dioxide under high pressure.
要做一杯气泡饮料，你需要在高压下用二氧化碳浸透超冰凉的液体。
And when that CO2 dissolves in water, it creates carbonic acid.
CO2在水中溶解，就能够产生碳酸。
According to the internet, that acid disintegrates the enamel of your teeth or even causes kidney stones.
网上说，这种酸会分解牙齿的牙釉质，甚至导致肾结石。
Neither of which sounds any good!
以上两种听起来都不是什么好事！
But the truth is, that isn‘t carbonation or carbonic acid‘s fault.
但事实是，这不是碳化或碳酸的错。
Instead, another acid is to blame — one that isn‘t found in bubbly water at all: phosphoric acid.
而是另一种酸的责任——一种气泡中的完全没有的物质：磷酸。
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless acid made from the mineral phosphorus.
磷酸是一种无色无味的酸，由磷矿物制成。
It gets added to dark-colored colas for flavor because it‘s tart, which helps balance the sweetness of all the added sugar.
因为它是酸的，所以它被添加到深色的可乐中来增加味道，这有助于平衡所有添加的甜味。
It also helps prevent bacteria and mold growth, and those things can thrive in sugary mixtures.
它还有助于防止细菌和霉菌的生长，这些物质可以在含糖混合物中大量繁殖。
And they are not things we want in colas.
并且我们并不想要它们出现在可乐中。
Overall, phosphorous isn‘t bad.
总的来说，含磷并不是什么坏事。
It‘s actually an important mineral for human health.
它其实是一种对人体健康很重要的矿物质。
Our bodies use it for a slew of things, from creating healthy teeth and strong bones, to maintaining kidney function, to storing energy.
我们的身体利用它来做很多事情，比如创造健康的牙齿和强健的骨骼，维持肾脏运行以及储存能量。
It‘s even in DNA and RNA.
甚至在DNA和RNA中都含有磷。
But too much phosphorus can be a problem — especially when it‘s artificially added to food and drinks.
但是太多的磷可能会出现问题——尤其是人工添加到食物和饮料中的。
A lot of foods are naturally phosphorus-rich, but your body only partially absorbs this organic phosphorus.
很多食物天生含有丰富的磷，但是你的身体只能吸收部分这种有机磷。
Meanwhile, your body absorbs 100% of inorganic phosphorus that‘s added to food and drinks — like the phosphoric acid in colas.
与此同时，你的身体可以吸收食物和饮料中无机磷——比如可乐中的磷酸。
And that can lead to an excessive amount of it in the body.
这会导致身体内磷过量。
And that adds some consequences.
这就导致了一些后果。
For instance, phosphoric acid is thought to cause kidney stones.
例如磷酸被认为会导致肾结石。
The most common of these are made from calcium oxalate, and studies have found that phosphoric acid changes urine composition and causes a rise in oxalate.
其中最常见的一种是草酸钙，研究发现磷酸会改变尿液成分，导致草酸含量上升。
This extra oxalate can then crystallize in the bladder and cause kidney stones.
这份额外的草酸会在膀胱中结晶并导致肾结石。
Besides that, this acid also isn‘t great for your teeth: Since it‘s acidic, it‘s proven to erode the enamel of your pearly whites.
此外，这种酸对牙齿也不好：因为它是酸性的，它会腐蚀牙齿的牙釉质。
These are both things the carbonic acid in bubbly water gets blamed for.
气泡水中碳酸的这两种物质都有责任。
But really, carbonic acid is much weaker than the phosphoric stuff.
但其实碳酸比含磷物质要脆弱的多。
I mean, it‘s still an acid.
我是说，它还是酸。
And in a study, researchers did find that sparkling mineral water dissolved slightly more tooth enamel than regular water.
在一项研究中，研究人员确实发现气泡矿泉水比普通水溶解的牙釉质稍微多一点。
But thanks to the lack of sugar and phosphoric acid — plus all those extra minerals in there — it was also 100 times better than soft drinks.
但由于缺乏糖和磷酸——再加上所有那些额外的矿物质——它还是比其他软饮料好上一百倍的。
And since carbonic acid also doesn‘t contain any phosphorous, that means it doesn‘t increase your risk for kidney stones, either.
由于碳酸也不含有任何磷，这意味着它也不会增加患肾结石的风险。
Now, don‘t take all this to mean you should never, ever under any circumstances drink cola.
不要把所有这些理解成，在任何情况下都不能喝可乐。
Like doctors say, moderation is key.
正如医生说的，适量是关键。
But it does mean we can, thank you, please, all stop blaming fizzy water.
但这确实意味着，我们不要再怪气泡水啦。
If you want to learn more about acid chemistry, you can check out Brilliant‘s course The Chemical Reaction after this.
如果你想了解更多关于酸化学的知识，你可以看看Brilliant的《The Chemical Reaction》。
Brilliant keeps the explanations simple and easy to follow in this course, and they focus on puzzles and patterns to help you understand how reactions work and why.
Brilliant使该课程的解释简单易懂，他们专注于字谜和模型来帮助你理解反应是如何运作的以及为什么。
Like their other courses, this one is also available offline on their iOS and Android apps.
该课程和其他课程皆可在IOS和安卓上离线看到。
If you want to check it out, you can go to Brilliant. org/SciShow.
如果想要了解，可登录Brilliant.org/SciShow。
And as our way of saying thanks, the first 200 people to sign up there will get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
作为我们表示感谢的方式，前200名注册用户将获得20%的年费优惠。