原文:
He was an old man who fished alone in a skiffin the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy‘s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finallysalao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either thecoiledlines or the gaffand harpoon and the sail that was furledaround themast. The sail was patchedwith flour sacksand, furled, it looked like the flag of permanentdefeat.
你的词库又更新了!
skiff 英 /skɪf/ 美 /skɪf/ n. 小艇;小型帆船;轻舟
the Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流(指墨西哥湾暖流,向东穿过美国佛罗里达州南端和古巴之间的佛罗里达海峡,沿着北美东海岸向东北流动。这股暖流温度比两旁的海水高至度,最宽处达英里,呈深蓝色,非常壮观,为鱼类群集的地方。本书主人公为古巴首都哈瓦那附近小海港的渔夫,经常驶进湾流捕鱼。)
salao,墨西哥语(salado),意为“加了盐的、咸的、苦的、不吉利的”。
coiled,英 /kɔɪld/ 美 /kɔɪld/ adj. 盘绕的;卷成圈的
gaff 英 /ɡæf/ 美 /ɡæf/ n. 鱼叉
harpoon 英 /hɑːˈpuːn/ 美 /hɑːrˈpuːn/ n. (捕鲸的)鱼叉,鱼镖
furl 英 /fɜːl/ 美 /fɜːrl/ vt. 叠,卷收;收拢 vi. 收拢,卷起 n. 卷起,折叠;卷起之物
mast 英 /mɑːst/ 美 /mæst/ n. 桅杆;柱;橡树果实
patch 英 /pætʃ/ 美 /pætʃ/ n. 补丁,补片 vt. 修补,缝补
sack 英 /sæk/ 美 /sæk/ n. 麻布(或厚纸、塑料等)大袋;一袋(的量)
permanent 英 /ˈpɜːmənənt/ 美 /ˈpɜːrmənənt/ adj. 永久的,永恒的
参考译文:
他是个独自在湾流中一条小船上钓鱼的老人,至今已去了八十四天,一条鱼也没逮住。头四十天里,有个男孩子跟他在一起。可是,过了四十天还没捉到一条鱼,孩子的父母对他说,老人如今准是十足地“倒了血霉”,这就是说,倒霉到了极点,于是孩子听从了他们的吩咐,上了另外一条船,头一个礼拜就捕到了三条好鱼。孩子看见老人每天回来时船总是空的,感到很难受,他总是走下岸去,帮老人拿卷起的钓索,或者鱼钩和鱼叉,还有绕在桅杆上的帆。帆上用面粉袋片打了些补丁,收拢后看来象是一面标志着永远失败的旗子。
长难句解析:
But after forty days without a fish the boy‘s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finallysalao, 【which is the worst form of unlucky】, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat 【which caught three good fish the first week.】
上面一个句子虽然很长,但是我们理清句子结构后就会发现它其实很简单。红色字体部分是一个由that引导的宾语从句,在这个宾语从句中又包含了两个定语从句,分别是由salao后面的which引导的一个非限定性定语从句,以及由boat后面的which引导的一个限定性定语从句。
段落赏析
小说开篇就给我们描述了一个失败的、落寞的老人形象。他独自驾一艘小船,已经连续84天一无所获。这对一个靠打渔为生的人来说真是极大的羞耻,而且他已经打了一辈子渔。这样的溃败在他过去的人生中是绝无仅有的,如今的他不仅穷困、寂寞,甚至成了“霉运”(salao)的代名词。人们都不敢靠近他,怕自己也惹上霉运。可怜的老人!
但是从第一段我们分明也能感受到一丝丝人间温情,老人没有被彻底抛弃。这一点可以从哪里看出呢?
the boy had gone at their orders...It made the boy sad to see...and he always went down to help him carry...从这一句中我们可以看出男孩很关心老人,他在父母的命令下离开老人是迫不得已。但是虽然不跟老人一起出海打鱼了,但是他依然在下船后给老人做一些力所能及的帮助。
不知道海明威当时的处境是否和老人一样?他是不是也渴望有一个人来温暖自己千疮百孔的晚年呢?
为什么男孩与老人有这样深厚的感情?男孩的父母是不是冷漠而不近人情呢?后续的故事我们一一展开。
原文
The old man was thin and gauntwith deep wrinklesin the back of his neck. The brown blotchesof thebenevolent skin cancer the sun brings from itsreflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creasedscars from handling heavy fish on thecords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
你的词库又更新了!
gaunt 英 /ɡɔːnt/ 美 /ɡɔːnt/ adj. 憔悴的;荒凉的;枯瘦的
wrinkle 英 /ˈrɪŋk(ə)l/ 美 /ˈrɪŋkl/ n. (皮肤上的)皱纹;(布或纸上的)皱褶
blotch 英 /blɒtʃ/ 美 /blɑːtʃ/ n. 斑点;污点;疙瘩
benevolent 英 /bəˈnevələnt/ 美 /bəˈnevələnt/
adj. 仁慈的,乐善好施的;(用于慈善机构名称)慈善的,救济的
reflection 英 /rɪˈflekʃn/ 美 /rɪˈflekʃn/
n. (光、热或声音的)反射;反射光,反射热,回声
tropic 英 /ˈtrɒpɪk/ 美 /ˈtrɑːpɪk/
n. 热带,热带地区(the tropics);回归线;(天文)天球的回归线
adj. 热带的(同 tropical)
creased 英 /kriːst/ 美 /kriːst/ adj. 有折痕的;有皱纹的
cord 英 /kɔːd/ 美 /kɔːrd/ n. 粗线,细绳
erosion 英 /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ 美 /ɪˈroʊʒn/ n. 侵蚀,腐蚀;削弱,降低;糜烂,溃疡
参考译文
老人消瘦而憔悴,脖颈上有些很深的皱纹。腮帮上有些褐斑,那是太阳在热带海面上反射的光线所引起的良性皮肤癌变。褐斑从他脸的两侧一直蔓延下去,他的双手常用绳索拉大鱼,留下了刻得很深的伤疤。但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的。它们像无鱼可打的沙漠中被侵蚀的地方一般古老。
他身上的一切都显得古老,除了那双眼睛,它们像海水一般蓝,是愉快而不肯认输的。
长难句解析
The brown blotchesof thebenevolent skin cancerthe sun brings from itsreflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks.
红色字体部分是一个由that引导的定语从句修饰cancer,that省略了。注意,由that引导的定语从句中,当that做定语从句的宾语时,that是可以省略的。
段落赏析
这是一个怎样的老人呢?
“消瘦而憔悴,脖颈上有些很深的皱纹。腮帮上有些褐斑,那是太阳在热带海面上反射的光线所引起的良性皮肤癌变”——从这里我们可以看出,老人已经很老了,而且他常年在海上打渔。
“他的双手常用绳索拉大鱼,留下了刻得很深的伤疤。但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的”——这里可以看出老人力气很大,有多年捕鱼的实战经验。没有新的疤痕,说明他已经很久没有遇到过需要他拼尽全力的“对手”了。侧面表明,老人确实很久没有好运光临了。
“他身上的一切都显得古老,除了那双眼睛,它们像海水一般蓝,是愉快而不肯认输的。”——在长篇的“抑”之后,这短短的一句话可谓是荒漠中的一抹新绿,将整本书沉甸甸的格调一下子扭转了过来。没错,眼睛是心灵的窗户,老人人老心不老。即便经历了很多次失败,老人依然不会认输!
原文
“Santiago,”the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up.“I could go with you again.We‘ve made some money.”The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.“No,”the old man said. “You‘re with a lucky boat.Stay with them.”“But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.”
“I remember,”the old man said, “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”“It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him.”“I know,” the old man said. “It is quite normal.”“He hasn‘t much faith.”“No,” the old man said. “But we have.Haven‘t we?”
“Yes,” the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terraceand then we‘ll take the stuff home.”“Why not?”the old man said. “Between fishermen.”They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen. The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butcheredtheir marlinout and carried them laid full across two planks, with two men staggeringat the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana. Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the covewhere they were hoistedon ablock and tackle, their liversremoved, theirfinscut off and their hidesskinned out and their flesh cut into stripsfor salting.
你的词库又更新了!
haul up 美 /hɔːl ʌp/ 把……拖上来
terrace 英 /ˈterəs/ 美 /ˈterəs/
n. (风格相同、互相连接的)排屋;(尤指房屋或餐馆外的)露天平台,阳台
butcher 英 /ˈbʊtʃə(r)/ 美 /ˈbʊtʃər/
n. 屠夫;肉店;刽子手;笨蛋,莽夫;(火车或剧院的)小贩
v. 屠宰;弄砸;残杀,杀戮
marlin 英 /ˈmɑːlɪn/ 美 /ˈmɑːrlɪn/
n. 枪鱼,青枪鱼;四鳃旗鱼
plank 英 /plæŋk/ 美 /plæŋk/ n. [木]厚木板
stagger 英 /ˈstæɡə(r)/ 美 /ˈstæɡər/ v. 摇摇晃晃地走,蹒跚
cove 英 /kəʊv/ 美 /koʊv/ n. 小湾;山凹;小峡谷
hoist 英 /hɔɪst/ 美 /hɔɪst/ v. 吊起,提升
block and tackle 英 /ˌblɒk ən ˈtæk(ə)l/ 滑车组;滑轮组
liver 英 /ˈlɪvə(r)/ 美 /ˈlɪvər/ n. 肝脏;(供食用的)动物肝脏
fin 英 /fɪn/ 美 /fɪn/ n. 鳍;鱼翅;鳍状物
hide 英 /haɪd/ 美 /haɪd/
v. 把……藏起来,隐藏;躲藏,躲避;遮住,遮挡;掩盖,隐瞒
n. (可观察鸟兽行动的)隐匿处,埋伏处;兽皮
strip 英 /strɪp/ 美 /strɪp/ n. (纸、金属、织物等)条,带
参考译文
“圣地亚哥”,他们俩从小船停泊的地方爬上岸时,孩子对他说。“我又能陪你出海了。我家挣到了一点儿钱。”
老人教会了这孩子捕鱼,孩子爱他。
“不,”老人说。“你遇上了一条交好运的船。跟他们待下去吧。”
“不过你该记得,你有一回八十七天钓不到一条鱼,跟着有三个礼拜,我们每天都逮住了大鱼。”
“我记得,”老人说。“我知道你不是因为没把握才离开我的。”
“是爸爸叫我走的。我是孩子,不能不听从他。”
“我明白,”老人说。“这是理该如此的。”
“他没多大的信心。”
“是啊,”老人说。“可是我们有。可不是吗?”
“对,”孩子说。“我请你到露台饭店去喝杯啤酒,然后一起把打鱼的家什带回去。”
“那敢情好,”老人说。“都是打鱼人嘛。”
他们坐在饭店的露台上,不少渔夫拿老人开玩笑,老人并不生气。另外一些上了些年纪的渔夫望着他,感到难受。不过他们并不流露出来,只是斯文地谈起海流,谈起他们把钓索送到海面下有多深,天气一贯多么好,谈起他们的见闻。当天打鱼得手的渔夫都已回来,把大马林鱼剖开,整片儿排在两块木板上,每块木板的一端由两个人抬着,摇摇晃晃地送到收鱼站,在那里等冷藏车来把它们运往哈瓦那的市场。逮到鲨鱼的人们已把它们送到海湾另一边的鲨鱼加工厂去,吊在复合滑车上,除去肝脏,割掉鱼鳍,剥去外皮,把鱼肉切成一条条,以备腌制。
长难句解析
Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the covewhere they were hoistedon ablock and tackle, their liversremoved, theirfinscut off and their hidesskinned out and their flesh cut into stripsfor salting.
红色字体部分是一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰cove。绿色背景部分是非谓语结构做补语,如果我们把这个非谓语句子补全变成一个独立句子的话,就是这样的their livers wereremoved, theirfins werecut off and their hideswere skinned out and their flesh were cut into stripsfor salting.
段落赏析
这几段又向我们交代了一些故事背景。
首先,男孩在44天的分离后非常想回到老人身边,但是慑于父亲的压力,他有些犹豫。而老人理解男孩的处境,他不希望男孩为难,也不希望他跟着自己一无所获。
第二,老人的“霉运”在当地的渔民中传开了,年轻的渔民们笑话他,而老渔民们则对他的困境表示难过。为什么年轻人和老人持两种截然不同的态度呢?因为那些老渔民们是看着老人一路走过来的,他们一定知道老人年轻的时候有多么能干,多么有威望。英雄迟暮,只有了解他的人才会为他感到悲哀,为他真心地感到难过。
再次,男孩离开老人后确实就抓到大鱼了,是不是老人毕生的运气真的用尽了呢?让我们拭目以待吧。