新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson27
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the ‘Vasa‘ almost immediately after she was launched?
From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.
King Gustavus Adolphus, ‘The Northern Hurricane‘, then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years‘ War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails fillng in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship‘s fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
ROY SAUNGERS The Raising of the ‘Vasa‘ from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生词和短语】
galleon n. 大型帆船
Stockholm n. 斯德哥尔摩
flagship n. 旗舰
imperial adj. 帝国的
hurricane n. 飓风
armament n. 军械
triple adj. 三层的
mount v. 架有
bronze n. 青铜
cannon n. 加农炮
might n.力量
ferment n.激动不安
ornament v.装饰
riot n.丰富
demon n.恶魔
mermaid n.美人鱼
cherub n.小天使
zoomorphic adj.兽行的
ablaze adj.光彩的
portray v.绘制
drifting adj.弥漫的
churn v.翻滚
pennant n.三角旗
superstructure n.上部结构
majestic adj.威严的
muzzle n.炮口
freshen v.变强
squall n.狂风
list v.倾斜
port n.(船、飞机的) 左舷
ordnance n.军械
heave v.拖
starboard n.(船、飞机的) 右舷
counteract v.抵消
steepen v.变得更陡峭
ballast n.压舱物
inrush n.水的涌入
Baltic n.波罗的海
【课文注释】
1.the ‘Vasa‘,"瓦萨号"战船。这艘船是以瑞典瓦萨王朝创始人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的。Gustavus Vasa曾领导了反对丹麦统治的暴动，1523年出任国王，使瑞典成为了一个独立、统一、富强的国家。
2.maiden voyage 处女航，首航
3.the Thirty Years’ War, "三十年战争"。这是欧洲历史上的一场多国混战，具有政治色彩和宗教色彩，是新教诸侯和天主教诸侯之间的连年战争，最后在1648年签订了《韦斯特伐利亚条约》，以天主教诸侯的失败而告终。
4.dictate v.规定
例句：Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary.
她因其技术奇货可居，故可以主宰自己的薪金待遇。
5.mount v.
①登上,爬上;骑上;骑在...上
例句：He mounted the bicycle and rode away.
他骑上自行车走了。
②架置;装有(枪炮等)
例句：The ship mounts eight guns.
这艘军舰装有八门大炮。
【词义辨析】
ascend, climb, mount这些动词均含有“攀登，上升”之意。
ascend: 正式用词，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相当高的地方。
climb: 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重运用手足费力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 书面用词，词义与ascend相近，强调连续不断地向上移动、攀登或上涨。指骑马时用mount。
6.a riot of, 许多......，主要指色彩丰富。
7.with the water churned..., her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling..., and the red and gold... ablaze...with后有5个独立主格结构，均作方式状语，修饰动词emerged.
8.churn v.翻滚，搅动
例句：My stomach started to churn when I thought about my exams.
一想到考试,我的胃就开始翻腾。
9.freshen v.
①(使)变新鲜
例句： A good clean will really freshen (up) the house.
好好收拾一下的确会使房子焕然一新。
②(风)变强
10.list
v.
①倾斜
例句：As they climbed into the dinghy, it began to list violently.
当他们登上救生艇时，救生艇开始剧烈地倾斜。
②列出
例句：He listed all the things he had to do.
他把自己必须做的事列成表。
n. 目录, 名单, 明细表
例句：We should get the samples on the list to check.
我们应该索取目录上的样品来检验一下。
11.counteract vt. 抵消, 中和, 消解, 抵制
例句： They will counteract the effects of his bad influence.
他们要清除他的不良影响。
【参考译文】
1628年，一艘大帆船在处女航时就沉没了，这个从容不迫7世纪瑞典帝国流传至今的故事无疑是航海史上最离奇的事件之一。这艘大船在斯德哥尔摩港口的海底躺了将近3个半世纪之后，直到1956年才被发现。这就是“瓦萨”号，帝国大舰队的皇家旗舰。
当时号称“北方飓风”的国王古斯夫斯.阿道尔弗正处在“三十年战争”的军事鼎盛阶段，他亲自规定了这艘船的规模和武器配备。3层的火炮甲板上装着64门青铜加农炮，目的就是要在不断增长的瑞典势力中起主导作用。
1628年8月10日，“瓦萨”号准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片欢腾。人们从斯开波斯布朗和周围的岛屿前来观看这艘美丽的战船扬帆起航，乘风前进。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成这件水上艺术品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，装饰得都更加华丽。高耸的船楼上雕刻了令人眼花缭乱的神仙、妖魔、骑士、国王、武士、美人鱼和小天使，还有用红色、金黄色、蓝色绘制的光彩夺目的兽形图案，象征着勇敢、力量和残暴，以激起当时崇尚迷信的水手们的想像。
这时，停泊在港口的其他战船向“瓦萨”号鸣炮致礼，“瓦萨”号也鸣炮回礼。当“瓦萨”号从弥漫的礼炮烟云中出现时，船头下浪花四溅，舰旗迎风招展，三角旗随风飘动，微风鼓起风帆，金碧辉煌的船楼闪耀着灿烂的色彩。“瓦萨”号展现的壮观景象是斯德哥尔摩人从未见过的。船上的炮眼开着，炮口虎视眈眈地向外窥视着。
当风力增强时，突然刮来一阵大风，“瓦萨”号奇怪地摇晃了一下，便向左舷倾斜。炮长命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上来以抵消船的倾斜，但甲板的倾斜度仍在增加。当物品、压舱物、弹药和400个人轰地一声滑向陡斜的左舷时，岸上的观众听到了雷鸣般的轰响。下层炮眼已淹没在水里，涌进船舱的水给“瓦萨”号带来了难以逃脱的厄运。就这样，想要统治波罗的海的大型战舰“瓦萨”号，在它壮丽的起航时刻，带着全身飘扬的彩旗，沉没在了它诞生的港口。