1. minimum [ˈmɪnɪməm]
adj.最低的，最小的；n.最小量，最低限度
the smallest amount or number allowed or possible
参考例句：
1. What is the minimum price? 最低价是多少？
2. Today‘s minimum temperature is 10℃. 今天的最低气温是10℃。
2. compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd]
n.化合物；大院；adj.化合的；vt.加重；使化合
a chemical that combines two or more elements
参考例句：
1. Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases. 空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。
2. How many households in the compound? 院内有几家住户？
3. graph [græf]
n.图表，图解，曲线图
a picture which shows how two sets of information or variable amounts are related , usually by lines or curves
参考例句：
1. Such a graph is defined to be a contact network. 我们把这样的图定义为一个接触网络。
2. Our foundings are displayed in the form of a graph. 我们的调查结果已用图表列出。
4. famine [ˈfæmɪn]
n.饥荒；严重的缺乏
when there is not enough food for a great number of people , causing illness and death , or a particular period when this happens
参考例句：
1. We‘re collecting for the famine victims. 我们正在为遭受饥荒的灾民募款。
2. Famine stared us in the face. 饥荒迫在眉睫。
5. upward [ˈʌpwəd]
adj.向上的，上升的；adv.向上，上升
moving towards a higher position , level or value
参考例句：
1. The birds flew upward. 鸟儿向上飞去。
2. Prices have an upward tendency. 价格有上升的趋势。
6. keen [ki:n]
adj.热心的；敏锐的；激烈的；锋利的
very interested , eager or wanting (to do) something very much
参考例句：
1. There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms. 两家汽车公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。
2. The children are mad keen to go to the zoo. 孩子们非常想去动物园。
7. withdraw [wɪðˈdrɔ:]
vt.收回，撤消，撤退；vi.缩回，退出，撤退
to take or move out or back, or to remove
参考例句：
1. I want to withdraw a statement I made earlier. 我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。
2. The general decided to withdraw his soldiers. 那位将军决定撤军。
8. behalf [bɪˈhɑ:f]
n.利益，方面；支持，赞成，代表
representing ; instead of
参考例句：
1. Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯没有出席，所以我将代表他领奖。
2. They fixed on him to speak on their behalf. 他们已经确定他作为代表发言。
9. whip [wɪp]
n.鞭子，鞭打，奶油甜食，车夫，组织秘书；vt.抽出，鞭打，捆扎，搅拌，打败；vi.突然移动，飘浮
a piece of leather or rope which is fastened to a stick , used for hitting animals or people
参考例句：
1. The cruel man lashed the horse with his whip. 那个粗暴的人用鞭子抽马。
2. The cruel master beat his slaves with a whip. 残酷的主人鞭打他的奴隶。
10. routine [ru:ˈti:n]
n.例行公事，惯例；adj.例行的，常规的
a usual or fixed way of doing things
参考例句：
1. It is everyday routine. 这是每天的例行公事。
2. She found the hospital routine slightly dull. 她感到医院的工作有点枯燥乏味。
11. reduction [rɪˈdʌkʃn]
n.减少，减低，减缩；减少，减低
when you make or when something becomes smaller in size , amount , degree , importance ,
参考例句：
1. Reduction in income tax will be welcomed with open arms. 减少所得税将受到热烈欢迎。
2. You will have a reduction for cash. 付现金可以打折扣。
12. setting [ˈsetɪŋ]
n.背景
the position of a house or other building
参考例句：
1. The play has its setting in Vienna. 该剧以维也纳为背景。
2. Where and when a story takes place is called the setting. 故事发生的地点和时间称为故事背景。
13. unkind [ˌʌnˈkaɪnd]
adj.不仁慈的，不和善的
slightly cruel
参考例句：
1. He was never unkind to her. 他从未亏待过她。
2. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶人有恶报。
14. cassette [kəˈset]
n.卡式录音带盒；卡式胶卷盒，盒式磁带
a flat rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material that is used to record sound and/or pictures , or a machine that uses such devices
参考例句：
1. He inserted a cassette into the machine. 他把一盒录像带放入机器。
2. And let‘s not forget our cassette player and some tapes. 还别忘了带上我们的卡式录音机和一些录音带。
15. particle [ˈpɑ:tɪkl]
n.微粒，颗粒，粒子；小品词，语助词
a word or a part of a word which has a grammatical purpose but often has little or no meaning
参考例句：
1. There is not a particle of truth in what you said. 你所说的没有一句是实话。
2. This particle has a very small mass. 这种粒子的质量很小。
16. establishment [ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt]
n.建立，确立，确定；企业，机构；当权人物
a business or other organization , or the place where an organization operates
参考例句：
1. With the establishment of major new markets, the economy is thriving. 随着重大新市场的建立，经济越来越兴旺。
2. The establishment of the business took several years. 创办这个公司花了好几年时间。
17. tropical [ˈtrɒpɪkl]
adj.热带的，热带的，炎热的
from or relating to the area between the two tropics
参考例句：
1. You must grow these tropical flowers in a glasshouse. 你必须把这些热带花卉种在温室里。
2. This disease is widespread in tropical areas. 这种疾病在热带地区蔓延很广。
18. cashier [kæˈʃɪə(r)]
n.出纳员，收银员
a person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop , bank , restaurant , etc .
参考例句：
1. The young cashier gave a patient sigh. 年轻的出纳员忍耐地叹了一口气。
2. One brother is a cashier and the other sells. 两个兄弟一位当出纳，另一位当店员。
19. lest [lest]
conj.唯恐，以免
in order to prevent any possibility that something will happen
参考例句：
1. Let me put down your telephone number lest I forget it. 让我先记下你的电话号码，以免忘了。
2. Be careful lest you fall from that tree. 要当心，以免从树上摔下来。
20. refresh [rɪˈfreʃ]
vt.使...生气蓬勃，提起精神，恢复精神；vi. 恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养
to make someone less hot or tired
参考例句：
1. I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road. 我看看地图以唤起对这条路的回忆。
2. I think I‘ll just refresh myself with a cup of tea before I go to meet the children. 我想在见孩子们之前先喝杯茶来恢复一下精神。